Computed tomography-based customized surface mould high-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer of the scalp and face. Long-term results: Optimizing for reduction 
of late toxicity and improving cosmetic outcome

Anis Bandyopadhyay; Arnab Ghosh; Poulomi Basu; Poulomi Ghosh; Priyanka Das; Bappaditya Chhatui; Jayanta Pal

doi:10.5114/jcb.2026.161245

eISSN: 2081-2841
ISSN: 1689-832X

Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy

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abstract:

Original paper

Computed tomography-based customized surface mould high-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer of the scalp and face. Long-term results: Optimizing for reduction of late toxicity and improving cosmetic outcome

Anis Bandyopadhyay

¹

,

Arnab Kumar Ghosh

²

,

Poulomi Basu

³

,

Poulomi Ghosh

¹

,

Priyanka Das

¹

,

Bappaditya Chhatui

⁴

,

Jayanta Kumar Pal

⁵

Department of Radiotherapy, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
Department of Medical Oncology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Hospital, Kolkata, India
Department of Radiotherapy, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, India
Medical Physics Department, Department of Radiotherapy, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, India

J Contemp Brachytherapy 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/jcb.2026.161245

Online publish date: 2026/04/24

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AMA

Bandyopadhyay A, Ghosh AK, Basu P, et al. Computed tomography-based customized surface mould high-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer of the scalp and face. Long-term results: Optimizing for reduction 
of late toxicity and improving cosmetic outcome. Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy. 2026. doi:10.5114/jcb.2026.161245.

APA

Bandyopadhyay, A., Ghosh, A. K., Basu, P., Ghosh, P., Das, P.,  & Chhatui, B. et al. (2026). Computed tomography-based customized surface mould high-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer of the scalp and face. Long-term results: Optimizing for reduction 
of late toxicity and improving cosmetic outcome. Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy. https://doi.org/10.5114/jcb.2026.161245

Chicago

Bandyopadhyay, Anis, Arnab K Ghosh, Poulomi Basu, Poulomi Ghosh, Priyanka Das, Bappaditya Chhatui,  and Jayanta K Pal. 2026. "Computed tomography-based customized surface mould high-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer of the scalp and face. Long-term results: Optimizing for reduction 
of late toxicity and improving cosmetic outcome". Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy. doi:10.5114/jcb.2026.161245.

Harvard

Bandyopadhyay, A., Ghosh, A., Basu, P., Ghosh, P., Das, P., Chhatui, B.,  and Pal, J. (2026). Computed tomography-based customized surface mould high-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer of the scalp and face. Long-term results: Optimizing for reduction 
of late toxicity and improving cosmetic outcome. Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy. https://doi.org/10.5114/jcb.2026.161245

MLA

Bandyopadhyay, Anis et al. "Computed tomography-based customized surface mould high-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer of the scalp and face. Long-term results: Optimizing for reduction 
of late toxicity and improving cosmetic outcome." Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy, 2026. doi:10.5114/jcb.2026.161245.

Vancouver

Bandyopadhyay A, Ghosh A, Basu P, Ghosh P, Das P, Chhatui B et al. Computed tomography-based customized surface mould high-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer of the scalp and face. Long-term results: Optimizing for reduction 
of late toxicity and improving cosmetic outcome. Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy. 2026. doi:10.5114/jcb.2026.161245.

Purpose
Early-stage non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is usually treated with surgical excision with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. Tumor location on facial sub-sites may lead to poor cosmetic outcomes with surgery. Surface mould brachytherapy offers better conformality, reduced treatment duration, and comparable local control and cosmetic outcomes.

Material and methods
Twenty-eight patients with NMSC of the face or scalp received definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy using a customized surface mould brachytherapy technique. Prescription dose was 3,500-4,200 cGy in 9-12 fractions. Clinical target volume (CTV) V100, V150, 0.1 cc, 1 cc, and 2 cc skin doses, and mould parameters were recorded from planning system. Toxicity and cosmetic outcomes were compared with dosimetry and mould parameters using independent sample t-test. Binary mould parameters were compared with toxicity profile using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.

Results
Thirteen (46.4%), six (21.4%), and eight (28.6%) patients experienced grade 2 acute skin, late skin, and late subcutaneous toxicity, respectively. Among grade 3 toxicity, only 1 acute skin toxicity was observed. All patients had either excellent or good cosmetic outcomes, while 0.1 cc, 1 cc, 2 cc skin dose, and homogeneity index were significant predictors of late skin, subcutaneous toxicity, and cosmetic outcome. For cosmesis, the distance from catheter midpoint to skin surface was also a significant predictor of outcome. After a median follow-up of 54 months, no disease recurrence was observed in the study cohort.

Conclusions
Surface mould brachytherapy can provide excellent local control and cosmetic outcome for the treatment of NMSC.

keywords:

Computed tomography-based customized surface mould high-dose-rate brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer of the scalp and face. Long-term results: Optimizing for reduction of late toxicity and improving cosmetic outcome

Anis Bandyopadhyay 1 , Arnab Kumar Ghosh 2 , Poulomi Basu 3 , Poulomi Ghosh 1 , Priyanka Das 1 , Bappaditya Chhatui 4 , Jayanta Kumar Pal 5

brachytherapy, skin cancer, surface mould brachytherapy, HDR brachytherapy, customized surface mould

Anis Bandyopadhyay

¹

,

Arnab Kumar Ghosh

²

,

Poulomi Basu

³

,

Poulomi Ghosh

¹

,

Priyanka Das

¹

,

Bappaditya Chhatui

⁴

,

Jayanta Kumar Pal

⁵