1. Pernar CH, Ebot EM, Wilson KM, Mucci LA. The epidemiology of prostate cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8: a030361.
2.
Sayyid RK, Benton JZ, Reed WC, et al. Prostate cancer mortality rates in low- and favorable intermediate-risk active surveillance patients: a population-based competing risks analysis. World J Urol 2023; 41: 93-99.
3.
Bubendorf L, Schöpfer A, Wagner U, et al. Metastatic patterns of prostate cancer: an autopsy study of 1,589 patients. Hum Pathol 2000; 31: 578-583.
4.
Mazzone E, Preisser F, Nazzani S, et al. Location of metastases in contemporary prostate cancer patients affects cancer-specific mortality. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018; 16: 376-384 e1.
5.
Baldessari C, Pipitone S, Molinaro E, et al. Bone metastases and health in prostate cancer: from pathophysiology to clinical implications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15: 1518.
6.
Wong SK, Mohamad NV, Giaze TR, Chin KY, Mohamed N, Ima-Nirwana S. Prostate cancer and bone metastases: the underlying mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20: 2587.
7.
Kiechl S, Werner P, Knoflach M, Furtner M, Willeit J, Schett G. The osteoprotegerin/RANK/RANKL system: a bone key to vascular disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2006; 4: 801-811.
8.
Zhang Y, Liang J, Liu P, Wang Q, Liu L, Zhao H. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system and tumor bone metastasis: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13: 1063815.
9.
Gao Q, Wang L, Wang S, Huang B, Jing Y, Su J. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: identification, classification, and differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9: 787118.
10.
Ridge SM, Bhattacharyya D, Dervan E, et al. Secreted factors from metastatic prostate cancer cells stimulate mesenchymal stem cell transition to a pro-tumourigenic ‘activated’ state that enhances prostate cancer cell migration. Int J Cancer 2018; 142: 2056-2067.
11.
Borghese C, Casagrande N, Pivetta E, et al. Self-assembling nanoparticles encapsulating zoledronic acid inhibit mesenchymal stromal cells differentiation, migration and secretion of proangiogenic factors and their interactions with prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 42926-42938.
12.
Bisson I, DM Prowse. WNT signaling regulates self-renewal and differentiation of ,rostate cancer cells with stem cell characteristics. Cell Res 2009; 19: 683-697.
13.
Park M, Cho YJ, Kim B, et al. RANKL immunisation inhibits prostate cancer metastasis by modulating EMT through a RANKL-dependent pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 12186.
14.
Patel S, Alam A, Pant R, Chattopadhyay S. Wnt signaling and its significance within the tumor microenvironment: novel therapeutic insights. Front Immunol 2019; 10: 2872.
15.
Humeniuk R, Mishra PJ, Bertino JR, Banerjee D. Molecular targets for epigenetic therapy of cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2009; 10: 161-165.
16.
Xu Y, Li W, Lin S, Liu B, Wu P, Li L. Fibroblast diversity and plasticity in the tumor microenvironment: roles in immunity and relevant therapies. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21: 234.
17.
Prantl L, Muehlberg F, Navone NM, et al. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells promote prostate tumor growth. Prostate 2010; 70: 1709-1715.
18.
Ye H, Cheng J, Tang Y, et al. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells produced TGFbeta contributes to progression and metastasis of prostate cancer. Cancer Invest 2012; 30: 513-518.
19.
Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, et al. NF-kappaB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9: 53.
20.
Ming J, Cronin SJF, Penninger JM. Targeting the RANKL/RANK/OPG axis for cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10: 1283.
21.
Ridge SM, Sullivan FJ, Glynn SA. Mesenchymal stem cells: key players in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2017; 16: 31.
22.
Lee MA, Park JH, Rhyu SY, et al. Wnt3a expression is associated with MMP-9 expression in primary tumor and metastatic site in recurrent or stage IV colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14: 125.
23.
Huang D, Du X. Crosstalk between tumor cells and microenvironment via Wnt pathway in colorectal cancer dissemination. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 1823-1827.
24.
Rao C, Lin SL, Ruan WJ, Wen H, Wu DJ, Deng H. High expression of IGFBP7 in fibroblasts induced by colorectal cancer cells is co-regulated by TGF-beta and Wnt signaling in a Smad2/3-Dvl2/3-dependent manner. PLoS One 2014; 9: e85340.
25.
Jridi I, Canté-Barrett K, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. Inflammation and Wnt signaling: target for immunomodulatory therapy? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8: 615131.