Depression, trauma, stressful life events and childhood infections in patients with multiple sclerosis in the Polish population – a case-control study

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the associations between depression, childhood infections, stressful life events, and multi­ple sclerosis (MS) in the Polish population. By exploring these relationships, the study seeks to provide deeper insight into the interplay of psychological, immunological, and environmental factors in the context of MS

Methods
A retrospective case-control study was conducted involving 210 Polish participants. All subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Recent Life Changes Questionnaire and an original survey that gathered data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, family medical history, and past illnesses, including childhood infections. Statistical analyses included both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results
Compared to controls, individuals with MS were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed with depression (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64-5.70). They were also significantly less likely to report a history of certain childhood infections, including strep throat (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.22-0.69), tonsillitis (OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.19-0.67), pharyngitis (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25-0.78), rubella (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.32-0.98), and frequent episodes of fever (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.18-0.56).

Conclusions
Individuals with MS were approximately three times more likely to experience depression than healthy controls, underscoring the importance of psychological assessment and support in MS management. While the study provides insights into childhood infections and cumulative stress, it is important to note that its retrospective design may limit the generalizability of the findings.