Effect of focused shock wave therapy on functional efficiency and stabilometric parameters in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomised clinical trial

Introduction
Shock wave is a promising and alternative physical method used in the treatment of low back pain (LBP). Most of the effects of this therapy are related to mechanotransduction, which can lead to tissue healing by reducing pain and regulating inflammation.

Aim of the research
Assessment of the effect of a focused shock wave on the level of pain, functional performance, and stabilometric parameters in patients with chronic LBP.

Material and methods
The study involved 36 patients with LBP assigned to the experimental (n = 18, fESWT + rehabilitation) or control (n = 18, sham fESWT + rehabilitation) group. Posturography was used as an objective measurement tool to control posture and balance. Subjective tools were used: Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMQ), Schober test (OST), and Laseque test. Measurements were taken before and immediately after the intervention and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups.

Results
The procedures undertaken in both groups led to short-term improvement in postural stability in patients. When comparing evaluation results functional efficiency (RMQ) and spine mobility (OST), positive changes in the results of intergroup comparisons were observed. There were statistically significant differences in the fESWT and control groups (main effect: p < 0.05). In measuring the range of hip motion for both lower limbs, beneficial effects were obtained in all measured time intervals. Intergroup comparisons showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The use of fESWT with a specific exercise program may be an effective therapy for LBP, and it influence functional improvement in patients with LBP.