Advances in Dermatology and Allergology
eISSN: 2299-0046
ISSN: 1642-395X
Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii
Current Issue Archive Manuscripts accepted About the journal Editorial board Reviewers Abstracting and indexing Subscription Contact Instructions for authors Publication charge Ethical standards and procedures
Editorial System
Submit your Manuscript
SCImago Journal & Country Rank
6/2025
vol. 42
 
Share:
Share:
Original paper

Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on skin prick test reactivity and adrenal function: a pilot assessment of histamine response and cortisol biomarkers

Morana Kosanoviæ-Bajiæ
1
,
Andrea Kuna Tešija
2
,
Maja Štrajtenberger
1
,
Ivica Lokner
1
,
Liborija Lugoviæ-Mihiæ
3

  1. Special Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
  2. UHC Sisters of Mercy, Zagreb, Croatia
  3. UHC Sisters of Mercy, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Adv Dermatol Allergol 2025; XLII (6): 594–598
Online publish date: 2026/01/12
Article file
- Effects of inhaled.pdf  [0.13 MB]
Get citation
 
 
1. Makatsori M, O’Hagan JB, Gerth van Wijk R. Skin prick testing in allergy diagnosis: a practical guide. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11: e12024.
2. Heinzerling LM, Mari A, Bergmann KC, et al. The skin prick test–European standards. Clin Transl Allergy 2013; 3: 3.
3. Muraro A, Lemanske RF, Hellings PW, et al. Precision medicine in allergic disease – food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137: 1319-28.
4. Ring J, Hein R. Influence of corticosteroids on immediate skin test reactions. Allergy 1988; 43: 127-9.
5. Barnes PJ. Inhaled corticosteroids. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 127: 1-20.
6. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2023. Available from: https://ginasthma.org
7. Bousquet J, Chanez P, Lacoste JY, et al. Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1033-9.
8. Green RH, Brightling CE, McKenna S, et al. Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1715-21.
9. Caplin JL, Hayward AR, Matthew DJ. The effect of corticosteroids on skin tests in children with steroid-dependent asthma. Clin Allergy 1981; 11: 337-41.
10. Sastre J, Navarro A, del Cuvillo A, et al. Expert panel recommendations on the use of corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2022; 77: 1035-48.
11. Weiler JM, Ryan EJ. Medication effects on allergy skin testing. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121: 298-303.
12. Lipworth BJ. Systemic adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroid therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 941-55.
13. Allen DB. Systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2004; 16: 440-4.
14. Todd GRG, Acerini CL, Ross-Russell R, et al. Survey of adrenal crisis associated with inhaled corticosteroids in the United Kingdom. Arch Dis Child 2002; 87: 457-61.
15. Todd GRG, Dunlop KA, McNaboe J, et al. Growth and adrenal suppression in asthmatic children treated with high-dose fluticasone propionate. Lancet 1996; 348: 27-9.
16. Broersen LHA, Pereira AM, Jørgensen JOL, Dekkers OM. Adrenal insufficiency in corticosteroids use: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 2171-80.
17. Habib G, Jabbour A, Nasr M. Reliability of salivary cortisol compared to serum cortisol for the assessment of adrenal function. Endocr Regul 2020; 54: 123-8.
18. Raff H. Utility of salivary cortisol measurements in Cushing’s syndrome and adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 3647-55.
19. Gozansky WS, Lynn JS, Laudenslager ML, Kohrt WM. Salivary cortisol determined by enzyme immunoassay is preferable to serum total cortisol for assessment of dynamic hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005; 63: 336-41.
20. Zhao Y, Wang H, Sun Y, et al. Comparison of serum and salivary cortisol as biomarkers of adrenal function in asthma. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21: 189.
21. Maestrelli P, Roggeri A, Fregonese F. Inhaled corticosteroids: local therapy or systemic exposure? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 76: 102179.
22. Patel L, Clayton PE, Addison GM, et al. Adrenal suppression and growth inhibition in asthmatic children treated with high dose fluticasone propionate. BMJ 1999; 318: 1555-6.
23. Kelly HW, Nelson HS. Potential adverse effects of the inhaled corticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112: 469-78.
24. Laan MP, Westenberg HGM, Giltay EJ, et al. Adrenal suppression in asthma: effects of inhaled fluticasone and risk factors. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008; 33: 1097-103.
25. Mallol J, Aguirre V, Diaz P, et al. Risk factors for adrenal suppression in asthmatic children. J Asthma 2020; 57: 828-34.
26. Israel E, Banerjee TR, Fitzmaurice GM, et al. Effects of inhaled glucocorticoids on bone density in premenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 941-7.
27. Frindik JP, Kemp SF. Synergistic suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by simultaneous treatment with inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids. J Pediatr 1999; 134: 281-5.
28. Eichenberger PA, Diener SN, Künzli E, et al. Adrenal function in patients with asthma treated with ICS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2021; 58: 2004403.
29. Allen DB, Mullen M, Mullen B. A meta-analysis of the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children with asthma. Pediatrics 1994; 93: 948-52.
30. Allen DB, Meltzer EO, Lemanske RF, et al. Growth in children treated with budesonide: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105: 964-9.
31. Raff H, Raff JL, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol as a screening test for Cushing’s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 2681-6.
32. Rogovik AL, Goldman RD. Salivary cortisol testing in children: a useful tool? Can Fam Physician 2010; 56: 591-3.
33. Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocr Rev 2000; 21: 55-89.
34. Kehlet H. Glucocorticoids and the surgical stress response: dose and timing. Br J Anaesth 1996; 76: 736-40.
35. Kamps AW, Brand PL, Kimpen JL, Overbeek SE. Long-term effects of inhaled corticosteroids on growth and adrenal function. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 365-73.
36. Ospina MB, Dennett L, Waye A, et al. Oral corticosteroids for asthma exacerbations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 2004: CD001476.
37. Zeiger RS, Szefler SJ, Phillips BR, et al. Response profiles to fluticasone and montelukast in mild-to-moderate persistent childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117: 45-52.
38. Edsbäcker S, Brattsand R. New developments in inhaled corticosteroids. Allergy 2002; 57: 276-80.
39. Li JT, Oppenheimer J, Bernstein IL, et al. Attaining optimal asthma control: a practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005; 94 (5 Suppl 1): 1-15.
40. Kelly HW. Comparison of inhaled corticosteroids: an update. Ann Pharmacother 1998; 32: 302-12.
41. Szefler SJ. Safety of inhaled corticosteroids in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 109 (5 Suppl): S706-13.
42. Ebeling PR, Shane E. Inhaled glucocorticoids and the skeleton. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 557-66.
43. Hokken-Koelega ACS, van der Sluis IM, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SMPF. Adrenal function after inhaled corticosteroids in children. Arch Dis Child 2000; 83: 343-7.
44. Milgrom H, Bender B, Ackerson L, et al. Noncompliance and treatment failure in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996; 98: 1051-7.
45. Allen DB, Bielory L, Derendorf H, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids: past lessons and future issues. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112 (3 Suppl): S1-40.
46. Allen DB, Meltzer EO, Lemanske RF, et al. Safety of inhaled corticosteroids: a pediatric perspective. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106: S181-90.
47. Edsbacker S, Andersson P, Brattsand R. Pharmacokinetics and systemic activity of inhaled corticosteroids. Allergy 1998; 53 (45 Suppl): 6-12.
48. Wilson AM, Lipworth BJ. Adrenal suppression with inhaled corticosteroids. Clin Exp Allergy 1999; 29: 166-72.
49. Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. Glucocorticoid resistance in inflammatory diseases. Lancet 2009; 373: 1905-17.
50. Dahl R. Systemic side effects of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma. Respir Med 2006; 100: 1307-17.
51. Kelly HW, Sternberg AL, Lescher R, et al. Effect of inhaled glucocorticoids in childhood on adult height. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 904-12.
52. GINA Science Committee. Difficult-to-treat & severe asthma. GINA 2023 Pocket Guide. Available from: https://ginasthma.org
53. Aricò M, Giuffrida R, Scuderi A, et al. Salivary cortisol values and personality features of atopic dermatitis patients: a prospective study. Dermatitis 2022; 33: 341-8.
54. Vodanović M, Dumanić D, Ostojić M, et al. Perceived stress, salivary cortisol, and temperament traits among dental medicine students. Behav Sci 2024; 14: 289.
Copyright: © 2026 Termedia Sp. z o. o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Quick links
© 2026 Termedia Sp. z o.o.
Developed by Bentus.