Evaluation of cytokine gene expression in psoriasis

Introduction
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the skin with an unclear etiological significance.

Aim: In this study, we determined the mRNA expression and circulating levels of T helper (Th)/T regulatory (Treg) cytokines in psoriasis and analyzed their association with disease severity and treatment response.

Material and methods
189 psoriasis patients and 189 controls were recruited. Circulating Th/Treg cytokines (IL-12, IFN-g, IL-17, IL-23, TGF-b and IL-4) were measured at baseline and at follow-up after 12 weeks of methotrexate treatment by ELISA and their relative mRNA expression at baseline was estimated by quantitative PCR.

Results
We observed increased levels of Th1/Th17 cytokines (IFN-g, IL-17, IL-12 and IL-23) and a decrease in levels of Th2/Treg cytokines (IL-4 and TGF-b) in psoriasis patients at baseline, as compared to controls. Further, we observed that there was a significant decrease in Th1/Th17 cytokines, whilst Th2/Treg cytokine levels were significantly increased on follow-up after treatment with systemic metho trexate, as compared to pre-treatment levels. Our results were further confirmed by the significantly higher mRNA expression of Th1/Th17 cytokine genes and significantly lower mRNA expression of Th2/Treg cytokine genes in patients with psoriasis, as compared to controls. A significant positive correlation of Th1/Th17 cytokines was observed with disease severity in cases, whilst Th2/Treg cytokines correlated negatively with disease severity.

Conclusions
Our results show that increased Th1/Th17 cytokines and decreased Th2/Treg cytokines, both at the circulatory and gene expression level, play an important role in the immunopathogenesis and severity of psoriasis.