How to prevent menopausal consequences for skin?

Currently, women spend one-third of their lives in a postmenopausal state. At this time significant hormonal changes occur, leading to marked structural and functional skin alterations. Hormonal aging of the skin is linked to such symptoms as: epidermal atrophy, dryness, thinning, fine wrinkling and delayed wound healing. Facial aging is caused by both intrinsic factors – hormonally and genetically determined – and extrinsic, especially chronic sun exposure. Systemic or local estrogen replacement therapy makes it possible to improve skin thickness, the level of total skin collagen, synthesis of elastic fibers and skin moisture. Long-term estrogen replacement therapy may lead to harmful side effects, so other effective methods are being researched. This article discusses possible ways of treatment used for skin rejuvenation: different dermatological preparations and nonsurgical techniques.