Long-term clinical follow-up of patients with choroidal osteoma

Aim
To analyse symptoms, disease course, comorbidities, complications and treatment in eleven-year follow-up of patients with choroidal osteoma.

Material and methods
Twelve eyes of 3 men and 8 women were analysed.

Results
Choroidal neovascularization was observed in 5 eyes (41.6%), intraretinal fluid without features of choroidal neovascularization was observed in one case; there was also a single case of epiretinal membrane. Retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch membrane dystrophy alongside accumulation of subretinal fluid and intraretinal haemorrhage were observed in all cases of choroidal neovascularization, there was also one case of subretinal haemorrhage. Two patients with choroidal neovascularization were treated with anti-VEGF injections. The photodynamic therapy was used in one case. The majority (86%) of cases without choroidal neovascularization had visual acuity of 20/25 or better. In patients with choroidal neovascularization, the majority (80%) had visual acuity of 20/40 or lower. Anti-VEGF therapy (ranibizumab) improved visual acuity by 3 rows and stabilised it for a period of 20 months. Both discussed treatment methods accelerated decalcification, retinal pigment epithelial atrophy and subretinal fibrosis, which slowed down tumour growth.

Conclusions
Anti-VEGF injections are the best option to inhibit tumour progression and should be used in cases with choroidal neovascularization.