Polish Journal of Pathology Supplement
ISSN: -
Polish Journal of Pathology Supplement
Current supplement Archive Polish Journal of Pathology
2/2021
 
Share:
Share:
Guidelines/recommendations

Mikrośrodowisko potrójnie ujemnego raka piersi

Anna Lewandowska
1, 2
,
Janusz Ryś
3
,
Andrzej Marszałek
1, 2

  1. Katedra i Zakład Patologii i Profilaktyki Nowotworów, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu
  2. Zakład Patologii Nowotworów, Wielkopolskie Centrum Onkologii w Poznaniu
  3. Zakład Patomorfologii Nowotworów, Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział w Krakowie
Online publish date: 2023/02/02
Article file
- SPJP-supl-5.pdf  [1.51 MB]
Get citation
 
 
1. Fan F, Schimming A, Jaeger D, et al. Targeting the tumor microenvironment: focus on angiogenesis. J Oncol 2012; 2012: 281261.
2. Li H, Fan X, Houghton J. Tumor microenvironment: the role of the tumor stroma in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2007; 101: 805-815.
3. Zhang W, Huang P. Cancer-stromal interactions: role in cell survival, metabolism and drug sensitivity. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11: 150-156.
4. Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ. Cancer stem cells: current status and evolving complexities. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 10: 717-728.
5. Yuan Y, Jiang Y, Sun C, et al. Role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor progression and the clinical applications (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 35: 2499-2515.
6. Chao X, Liu L, Sun P, et al. Immune parameters associated with survival in metaplastic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22: 92.
7. Zhang L, Conejo-Garcia JR, Katsaros D, et al. Intratumoral T cells, recurrence, and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 203-213.
8. Hendry S, Salgado R, Gevaert T, et al. Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors: A Practical Review for Pathologists and Proposal for a Standardized Method from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group: Part 2: TILs in Melanoma, Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinomas, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Mesothelioma, Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Genitourinary Carcinomas, and Primary Brain Tumors. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24: 311-335.
9. Kashiwagi S, Asano Y, Goto W, et al. Use of Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to predict the treatment response to eribulin chemotherapy in breast cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0170634.
10. Denkert C, Loibl S, Noske A, et al. Tumor Associated lymphocytes as an independent predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 105-113.
11. Loi S, Michiels S, Salgado R, et al. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are prognostic in triple negative breast cancer and predictive for trastuzumab benefit in early breast cancer: results from the FinHER trial. Ann Oncol 2014; 25: 1544-1550.
12. Loi S. Host antitumor immunity plays a role in the survival of patients with newly diagnosed triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 2935-2937.
13. Matsumoto H, Koo SL, Dent R, et al. Role of inflammatory infiltrates in triple negative breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68: 506–510.
14. Loi S, Sirtaine N, Piette F, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a phase III randomized adjuvant breast cancer trial in node-positive breast cancer comparing the addition of docetaxel to doxorubicin with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy: BIG 02-98. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 860-867.
15. Liu, F, Lang, R, Zhao, J. et al. CD8+ cytotoxic T cell and FOXP3+ regulatory T cell infiltration in relation to breast cancer survival and molecular subtypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130: 645-655.
16. Salgado R, Denkert C, Demaria S, et al. The evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer: recommendations by an International TILs Working Group 2014. Ann Oncol 2015; 26: 259-271.
17. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. WHO Classification of Tumours 5th Edition: Breast tumours. 2019; 9-161.
18. Kim JB, Stein R, O'Hare MJ. Tumour-stromal interactions in breast cancer: the role of stroma in tumourigenesis. Tumour Biol 2005; 26: 173-185.
19. Adams S, Goldstein LJ, Sparano JA, et al. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) improve prognosis in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Oncoimmunology 2015; 4: e985930.
20. Denkert C, von Minckwitz G, Darb-Esfahani S, et al. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis in different subtypes of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of 3771 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19: 40-50.
21. Gao Zh, Li Cx, Liu M, et al. Predictive and prognostic role of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20: 1150.
22. Saraiva DP, Guadalupe Cabral M, Jacinto A, et al. How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment. ESMO Open 2017; 2: e000208.
23. Fan Y, He S. The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14: 1-17.
24. West NR, Kost SE, Martin SD, et al. Tumour-infiltrating FOXP3(+) lymphocytes are associated with cytotoxic immune responses and good clinical outcome in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108: 155-162.
25. Curiel TJ, Coukos G, Zou L, et al. Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nat Med 2004; 10: 942–949.
26. Miyashita M, Sasano H, Tamaki K, et al. Prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and FOXP3+ lymphocytes in residual tumors and alterations in these parameters after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective multicenter study. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17: 124.
27. Zamarron BF, Chen W. Dual roles of immune cells and their factors in cancer development and progression. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7: 651-658.
28. Ladoire S, Arnould L, Apetoh L, et al. Pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast carcinoma is associated with the disappearance of tumor-infiltrating foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14: 2413-2420.
29. Liang Y, Lü W, Zhang X, et al. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and FOXP3+ lymphocytes before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer. Diagnostic Pathol 2018; 13: 93.
30. Oda N, Shimazu K, Naoi Y, et al. Intratumoral regulatory T cells as an independent predictive factor for pathological complete response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel followed by 5-FU/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136: 107-116.
31. Lehmann BD, Jovanović B, Chen X, et al. Refinement of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes: Implications for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Selection. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0157368.
32. Han Li, Liping Li, Huifang Mei, et al. Antitumor properties of triptolide: phenotype regulation of macrophage differentiation. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21: 178-188.
33. Zhang Y, Wang S, Yang B, et al. Adjuvant treatment for triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective study of immunotherapy with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells in 294 patients. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16: 350-360.
34. Azarsiz E, Karaca NE, Aksu G, et al. Reference values for B-cell surface markers and co-receptors associated with primary immune deficiencies in healthy Turkish children. Int J Immunopathol and Pharmacol 2017; 30: 194-200.
35. Shen M, Wang J, Ren X. New Insights into Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer: Clinical Impacts and Regulatory Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9: 470.
36. Guan H, Lan Y, Wan Y, et al. PD-L1 mediated the differentiation of tumor-infiltrating CD19+ B lymphocytes and T cells in Invasive breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5: e1075112.
37. Brown JR, Wimberly H, Lannin DR, et al. Multiplexed quantitative analysis of CD3, CD8, and CD20 predicts response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20: 5995-6005.
38. Kind S, Merenkow C, Büscheck F, et al. Prevalence of Syndecan-1 (CD138) Expression in Different Kinds of Human Tumors and Normal Tissues. Dis Markers 2019; 2019: 4928315.
39. Thuy L, Nguyen MD, William E, et al. Syndecan-1 Overexpression Is Associated With Nonluminal Subtypes and Poor Prognosis in Advanced Breast Cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 140: 468-474.
40. Schönfeld K, Herbener P, Zuber C, et al. Activity of Indatuximab Ravtansine against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Preclinical Tumor Models. Pharm Res 2018; 35: 118.
41. Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Locati M, et al. Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. Trends Immunol 2002; 23: 549-555.
42. Gordon S, Taylor P. Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol 2005; 5: 953-964.
43. Zhou J, Tang Z, Gao S, et al. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Recent Insights and Therapies. Front Oncol 2020; 10: 188.
44. Yang L, Zhang Y. Tumor-associated macrophages: from basic research to clinical application. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10: 58.
45. Hollmén M, Karaman S, Schwager S, et al. G-CSF regulates macrophage phenotype and associates with poor overall survival in human triple-negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5: 3.
46. Liu L, Wu Y, Zhang CH, et al, Cancer-associated adipocyte-derived G-CSF promotes breast cancer malignancy via Stat3 signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12: 723-737.
47. He KF, Zhang L, Huang CF, et al. CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages correlated with poor prognosis and cancer stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 838632.
48. Kopeć-Szlęzak J. Makrofagi i ich rola w układzie krwiotwórczym. J Transf Med 2014; 7: 84-92.
49. Sun S, Fei X, Mao Y, et al. PD-1(+) immune cell infiltration inversely correlates with survival of operable breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63: 395-406.
50. Sica A, Bronte V. Altered macrophage differentiation and immune dysfunction in tumor development. J Clinl Invest 2007; 117(5): 1155-1166.
51. Ibrahim SA, Hassan H, Vilardo L, et al. Syndecan-1 (CD138) modulates triple-negative breast cancer stem cell properties via regulation of LRP-6 and IL-6-mediated STAT3 signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8: e85737.
52. Medrek C, Pontén F, Jirström K, et al. The presence of tumor associated macrophages in tumor stroma as a prognostic marker for breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2012; 12: 306.
53. Yaal-Hahoshen N, Azenshtein E, Shina S, et al. Concomitant expression of the chemokines RANTES and MCP-1 in human breast cancer: A basis for tumor-promoting interactions. Cytokine 2008; 44: 191-200.
54. Wu Q, Li B, Li Z. et al. Cancer-associated adipocytes: key players in breast cancer progression. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12: 95.
55. Carron EC, Homra S, Rosenberg J, et al. Macrophages promote the progression of premalignant mammary lesions to invasive cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 50731-50746.
56. Franklin RA, Liao W, Sarkar A, et al. The cellular and molecular origin of tumor-associated macrophages. Science 2014; 344: 921-925.
57. Yuan ZY, Luo RZ, Peng RJ, et al. High infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with a higher risk of distant metastasis. OncoTargets and Therapy 2014; 7: 1475-1480.
58. Ding J, Jin W, Chen C, et al. Tumor associated macrophage × cancer cell hybrids may acquire cancer stem cell properties in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7: e41942.
59. Sousa, S., Brion, R., Lintunen, et al. Human breast cancer cells educate macrophages toward the M2 activation status. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17: 101.
60. Guarino M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumour invasion. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 39: 2153-2160.
61. Al Moustafa AE. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its regulators are major targets of triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7: 424-425.
62. Zhang WJ, Wang XH, Gao ST, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages correlate with phenomenon of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contribute to poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients. J Surg Res 2018; 222: 93-101.
63. Prat A, Parker J, Karginova O, et al. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the claudin-low intrinsic subtype of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12: R68.
64. Metzger-Filho O, Tutt A, de Azambuja E, et al. Dissecting the heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 1879-1887.
65. Ye, J, Wang XH, Shi J, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages are associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and poor outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12: 2886-2892.
66. Alves AM, Diel LF, Lamers ML. Macrophages and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. J Oral Path Med 2018; 47: 460-467.
67. Minami K, Hiwatashi K, Ueno S, et al. Prognostic significance of CD68, CD163 and Folate receptor-β positive macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15: 4465-4476.
68. Liu L, Ye Y, Zhu X. MMP-9 secreted by tumor associated macrophages promoted gastric cancer metastasis through a PI3K/AKT/Snail pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117: 109096.
69. Kostine M, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Cleven AHG, et al. Increased infiltration of M2-macrophages, T-cells and PD-L1 expression in high grade leiomyosarcomas supports immunotherapeutic strategies. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7: e1386828.
70. Gomez-Brouchet A, Illac C, Gilhodes J, et al. CD163-positive tumor-associated macrophages and CD8-positive cytotoxic lymphocytes are powerful diagnostic markers for the therapeutic stratification of osteosarcoma patients: An immunohistochemical analysis of the biopsies fromthe French OS2006 phase 3 trial. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6: e1331193.
71. Hanna, SJ, McCoy-Simandle K, Leung E, et al. Tunneling nanotubes, a novel mode of tumor cell-macrophage communication in tumor cell invasion. H Cell Sci 2019; 132: jcs223321.
72. Saha T, Dash C, Jayabalan R, et al. Intercellular nanotubes mediate mitochondrial trafficking between cancer and immune cells. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17: 98-106.
73. Tan J, Buache E, Chenard MP, et al. Adipocyte is a non-trivial, dynamic partner of breast cancer cells. Int J Dev Biol 2011; 55: 851-859.
74. Wang YY, Lehuede C, Laurent V, et al. Adipose tissue and breast epithelial cells: a dangerous dynamic duo in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 324: 142-151.
75. Nieman KM, Romero IL, Van Houten B, et al. Adipose tissue and adipocytes support tumorigenesis and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1831: 1533-1541.
76. Dirat B, Bochet L, Dabek M, et al. Cancer-associated adipocytes exhibit an activated phenotype and contribute to breast cancer invasion. Cancer Res. 2011; 71: 2455-2465.
77. Rybinska I, Mangano N, Tagliabue E, et al. Cancer-Associated Adipocytes in Breast Cancer: Causes and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22: 3775.
78. Ando S, Barone I, Giordano C, et al. The multifaceted mechanism of leptin signaling within tumor microenvironment in driving breast cancer growth and progression. Front Oncol 2014; 4: 340.
79. Wu Q, Li B, Li J, et al. Cancer-associated adipocytes as immunomodulators in cancer. Biomark Res 2021; 9: 2.
80. Pierobon M, Frankenfeld CL. Obesity as a risk factor for triple-negative breast cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Canc Res Treat 2013; 137: 307-314.
81. Harborg S, Zachariae R, Olsen J, et al. Overweight and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Npj Breast Cancer 2021; 7: 119.
82. Morimoto LM, White E, Chen Z, et al. Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2002; 13: 741-51.
83. Kaul K, Misri S, Ramaswamy B, et al. Contribution of the tumor and obese microenvironment to triple negative breast cancer, Cancer Lett 2021; 509: 115-120.
84. Apostolopoulos V, de Courten MP, Stojanovska L, et al. The complex immunological and inflammatory network of adipose tissue in obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60: 43-57.
85. Renehan AG, Roberts DL, Dive C. Obesity and cancer: pathophysiological and biological mechanisms. Arch Physiol Biochem 2008; 114: 71-83.
86. Reis BS, Lee K, Fanok MH, et al. Leptin receptor signaling in T cells is required for Th17 differentiation. J Immunol 2015; 194: 5253-5260.
87. De Rosa V, Procaccini C, Calì G, et al. A key role of leptin in the control of regulatory T cell proliferation. Immunity 2007; 2: 241-255.
88. Girgert R, Emons G, Gründker C. 17β-estradiol-induced growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells is prevented by the reduction of GPER expression after treatment with gefitinib. Oncol Rep 2017; 37: 1212-1218.
89. Franklin RA, Liao W, Sarkar A, et al. The cellular and molecular origin of tumor-associated macrophages. Science 2014; 344: 921-925.
90. Elenbaas B, Weinberg RA. Heterotypic Signaling between Epithelial Tumor Cells and Fibroblasts in Carcinoma Formation, Exp Cell Res 2001; 264: 169-184.
91. Luo H, Tu G, Liu Z, et al. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: a multifaceted driver of breast cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2015; 361: 155-163.
92. Liao D, Luo Y, Markowitz D. Cancer associated fibroblasts promote tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment in a 4T1 murine breast cancer model, PLoS One 2009; 4: e7965.
93. Zhou J, Wang XH, Zhao YX, et al. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Correlate with Tumor-Associated Macrophages Infiltration and Lymphatic Metastasis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients. J Cancer 2018; 9: 4635-4641.
94. Wang M, Zhang J, Huang Y, et al. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Autophagy Enhances Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23: 3904-3912.
95. Sun WY, Lee YK, Koo JS. Expression of PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer based on different immunohistochemical antibodies. J Transl Med 2016; 14: 173.
96. Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2012; 12: 252-264.
97. Mori H, Kubo M, Yamaguchi R, et al. The combination of PD-L1 expression and decreased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with a poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 15584-15592.
98. Mittendorf EA, Philips AV, Meric-Bernstam F, et al. PD-L1 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2: 361-370.
99. Cimino-Mathews A. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 in breast cancer (and, what happened to medullary carcinoma?).Diag Histopathol 2021; 27: 148-154.
100. Sfanos KS, Bruno TC, Meeker AK, et al. Human prostate-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes are oligoclonal and PD-1+. Prostate 2009; 69: 1694-1703.
101. Ahmadzadeh M, Johnson LA, Heemskerk B, et al. Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired. Blood 2009; 114: 1537-1544.
102. Wu C, Zhu Y, Jiang J, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of programmed death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance. NActa Histochem 2006; 108: 19-24.
103. Zhang M, Sun H, Zhao S, et al. Expression of PD-L1 and prognosis in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 31347-31354.
104. Dieci MV, Tsvetkova V, Griguolo G, et al. Integration of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, programmed cell-death ligand-1, CD8 and FOXP3 in prognostic models for triple-negative breast cancer: Analysis of 244 stage I-III patients treated with standard therapy. Eur J Cancer 2020; 136: 7-15.
105. Mori H, Kubo M, Yamaguchi R, et al. The combination of PD-L1 expression and decreased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with a poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 15584-15592.
Copyright: © 2023 Polish Association of Pathologists and the Polish Branch of the International Academy of Pathology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Quick links
© 2025 Termedia Sp. z o.o.
Developed by Bentus.