To the Editor,

We thank Świeczkowski et al. [1] for their engagement with our study [2] and for highlighting several important methodological and interpretative issues.

First, regarding the measurement of motivations, we agree that psychedelic use is multifaceted and context- dependent. However, the primary aim of our study was epidemiological – the estimation of population-level distributions – and therefore required standardized response categories. Qualitative approaches would indeed be a valuable next step, particularly for capturing the-rapeutic and experiential dimensions not accessible in structured survey formats.

Second, concerns about sampling and representativeness warrant clarification. The study was conducted using a nationwide random-quota sample, controlling for gender, age, and size of place-of-residence. This approach is standard in high-quality CAWI research and allows for the approximation of population structure at the sampling stage without the need for post-stratification weighting. Importantly, in this context independent validation data from the Ariadna panel indicate very high predictive accuracy relative to official election outcomes (differences of approximately 0.19 percentage points) [3]. More broadly, survey methodology research shows that well-designed nonprobability online panels, including quota-based samples, can yield estimates comparable to probability samples for many attitudinal outcomes, e.g. [4].

Relatedly, while all online panels are subject to potential coverage and non-response bias, this concern is miti-gated in the Polish context by high internet penetration (exceeding 90%) and the use of demographic quotas. We also explicitly reported uncertainty by presenting pre-valence as a range (4-8%) with a defined margin of error.

We agree that additional analyses (e.g., cross-tabulations by age and substance type) could enhance comparability with international datasets. However, given the rela-tively small subgroup of users of psychedelics (n ≈ 63), such analyses would risk unstable estimates and were therefore not included.

We also acknowledge that variables such as religiosity or regional variation may play an important role in shaping attitudes. Their inclusion would be a valuable extension in future studies, particularly in designs not constrained by omnibus survey formats.

Finally, the apparent discrepancy in regression coefficients can be explained by the direction of coding: nega-tive beta values are consistent with the reported finding that younger age and lifelong contemplative practice meditation are associated with more positive attitudes toward psychedelics and PAT.

In sum, we believe the present study provides a neces-sary first population-level estimate of psychedelic use and attitudes to it in Poland, while also outlining clear directions for more detailed and methodologically complementary future research.