The prevalence of HLA class I and II antigens predisposing to juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the course of idiopathic uveitis among children

Background : Uveitis is one of the most common symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). In some cases uveitis may be an isolated feature preceding the typical onset of JIA. The aim was to determine the prevalence of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) which are known as risk factors for the development of JIA and bulb eye involvement in the course of idiopathic uveitis.

Material and methods : 30 patients with idiopathic uveitis and 30 controls were typed for HLA DRB*, DQA*, DQB* alleles, HLA B27 antigen and the presence of antinuclear antibodies.

Results : The mean age at onset of uveitis was 9.6 years. There was no gender difference in the risk of uveitis. HLA B27 was detected in 26.6% of children and ANA in 20% of children. The difference was statistically significant comparing to the controls. Patients carrying B27 antigen and ANA positive presented a recurrent form of uveitis. No associations were found between HLA DRB*, DQA*, DQB alleles and idiopathic uveitis.

Conclusions : The study demonstrates associations between idiopathic uveitis and positivity for HLA B27 antigen and ANA. The results suggest carrying out prospective observation of children with idiopathic uveitis concerning the risk of spondyloarthropathies development.