The role of pharmacists in primary healthcare – evidence on coordinated care involving pharmacists

Background
Polish primary healthcare is experiencing an increase in patients with complex medication regimens and multiple morbidities, driven by rising life expectancy and an aging population. Addressing chronic conditions necessitates the involvement of multidisciplinary teams. In Poland, primary care physicians traditionally coordinate diagnostic and therapeutic services in collaboration with nurses and midwives, though not with pharmacists.

Objectives
This literature review examines the potential role of pharmacists in enhancing coordinated care. Material and methods. A review of literature was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science, limiting the search criteria to the last 5 years. Overall, 21 articles were included in the analysis.

Results
Pharmacists contribute to coordinated care in three main areas: chronic medication management and drug information; patient examination, screening, and prevention; and transitions of care. The most common pharmacist service in these settings is medication reconciliation or review, which involves addressing patient concerns and resolving medication-related issues, typically following physician referral. Comprehensive medication reviews are particularly beneficial for home-based patients, allowing for deprescribing and dose adjustments of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults. Community pharmacists provide accessible screening and preventative services, including point-of-care testing (POCT), immunizations, and support during care transitions. During transitions from hospital to community care, pharmacists optimize drug use, correct medication errors, and enhance medication adherence.

Conclusions
Evidence suggests that collaboration between pharmacists and primary care physicians positively affects patient outcomes, particularly by reducing hospital readmissions. In Poland, incorporating pharmacists into new care management models should be considered, given their availability and the high level of public trust.