Advances in Dermatology and Allergology
eISSN: 2299-0046
ISSN: 1642-395X
Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii
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Review paper

The role of the skin microbiome in modulating rosacea

Monika Kalicka
1
,
Martyna Biadasiewicz
1
,
Anna Tekielak
2, 3
,
Aleksandra Frątczak 
2
,
Beata Bergler-Czop
2

  1. Student Scientific Association at the Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  2. Chair and Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  3. Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Adv Dermatol Allergol
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2026.159116
Online publish date: 2026/02/10
Article file
- Skin - Kalicka.pdf  [0.13 MB]
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2. Medgyesi B, Dajnoki Z, Béke G, et al. Rosacea is characterized by a profoundly diminished skin barrier. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140: 1938-50.e5.
3. Pan L, Li C, Liang Z, Shi J. Exploring the association between skin microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316: 677.
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6. Woo YR, Lee SH, Cho SH, et al. Characterization and analysis of the skin microbiota in rosacea: impact of systemic antibiotics. J Clin Med 2020; 9: 185.
7. Caimei Z, Sihua H, Weifeng Z, et al. Effect of nasal parasitism by Demodex mites on nasal skin microbiome in patients with rosacea. Chin J Dermatol 2020; 53: 345-51.
8. Rainer BM, Thompson KG, Antonescu C, et al. Characterization and analysis of the skin microbiota in rosacea: a case-control study. Am J Clin Dermatol 2020; 21: 139-47.
9. Yuan C, Ma Y, Wang Y, et al. Rosacea is associated with conjoined interactions between physical barrier of the skin and microorganisms: a pilot study. J Clin Labor Analysis 2020; 34: e23363.
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11. Xiong J, Chen S, Wang P, et al. Characterisation of the bacterial microbiome in patients with rosacea and healthy controls. Eur J Dermatol 2023; 33: 612-7.
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14. Ferček I, Ozretiæ P, Tambiæ-Andraševiæ A, et al. Comparison of the skin microbiota in the periocular region between patients with inflammatory skin diseases and healthy participants: a preliminary study. Life 2024; 14: 1091.
15. Li J, Yang F, Liu Y, Jiang X. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and rosacea: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Med 2024; 11: 1322685.
16. Joura MI, Jobbágy A, Dunai ZA, et al. Characteristics of the stool, blood and skin microbiome in rosacea patients. Microorganisms 2024; 12: 2667.
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18. Fromstein SR, Harthan JS, Patel J, Opitz DL. Demodex blepharitis: clinical perspectives. Clin Optometry 2018; 10: 57-63.
19. Yamasaki K, Kanada K, Macleod DT, et al. TLR2 expression is increased in rosacea and stimulates enhanced serine protease production by keratinocytes. J Investig Dermatol 2011; 131: 688-97.
20. Dursun R, Daye M, Erdem T. Role of toll-like receptors in skin diseases. J Dermatol Treat 2020; 31: 496-508.
21. Muto Y, Wang Z, Vanderberghe M, et al. Mast cell–derived interleukin 6 and vascular endothelial growth factor contribute to the pathogenesis of rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170: 1038-46.
22. Kim JE, Kim HS. Microbiome of the skin and gut in atopic dermatitis (AD): understanding the pathophysiology and finding novel management strategies. J Clin Med 2019; 8: 444.
23. Cundell DR. Cutibacterium acnes and the pathogenesis of acne. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209: 575-9.
24. Woo YR, Lim JH, Cho DH, Park HJ. Rosacea: Molecular mechanisms and management of a chronic cutaneous inflammatory condition. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17: 1562.
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Copyright: © 2026 Termedia Sp. z o. o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.

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