Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
eISSN: 1897-4252
ISSN: 1731-5530
Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
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4/2025
vol. 22
 
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Letter to the Editor

Completely unroofed coronary sinus without persistent left superior vena cava: a rare entity

Marek Kardos
1
,
Fadi Sabateen
2
,
Pavel Valentik
2
,
Lucia Bobik
1
,
Matej Nosal
2, 3

  1. Department of Functional Diagnostics. Children´s Cardiac Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
  2. Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children´s Cardiac Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
  3. Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska 2025; 22 (4): 310-311
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2025.158027
Online publish date: 2025/12/30
Article file
- Completely unroofed.pdf  [1.17 MB]
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1. Sun L, Juan YH, Chen J, Zhuang J, Xie J, Li H, Liu H. Evaluation of unroofed coronary sinus syndrome using cardiovascular CT angiography: an observational study. Am J Roentgenol 2018; 211: 314-320.
2. Raghib G, Ruttenberg HD, Anderson RC, Amplatz K, Adams P Jr, Edwards JE. Termination of left superior vena cava in left atrium, atrial septal defect, and absence of coronary sinus; a developmental complex. Circulation 1965; 31: 906-918.
3. Ootaki Y, Yamaguchi M, Yoshimura N, Oka S, Yoshida M, Hasegawa T. Unroofed coronary sinus syndrome: diagnosis, classification, and surgical treatment. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126: 1655-1656.
4. Adatia I, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. Unroofed coronary sinus and coronary sinus orifice atresia: implications for management of complex congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 948-953.
Copyright: © 2025 Polish Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons (Polskie Towarzystwo KardioTorakochirurgów) and the editors of the Polish Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
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