Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
eISSN: 1897-4252
ISSN: 1731-5530
Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
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4/2025
vol. 22
 
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Original paper

Endothelin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOs) synthase as predictive biomarkers of clinical-subclinical atherosclerosis related to diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Zeena Hussien Khudair
1
,
Abeer Cheaid Yousif Al-Fatlawi
1
,
Ahmed Qasim Alhaideri
2

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
  2. Director of Karbala Heart Center, Karbala Health Directorate, Karbala, Iraq
Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska 2025; 22 (4): 285-293
Online publish date: 2025/12/30
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Copyright: © 2025 Polish Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons (Polskie Towarzystwo KardioTorakochirurgów) and the editors of the Polish Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
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