To define causes of infertility and factors affecting infertility decrease among women in the Mazovian district. To demonstrate the obtained data about the HSG examination and other disorders. The study covered 438 women aged between 21 and 46, diagnosed between January 1999 and March 2003, at the Gynaecological Endocrinology Clinic of the Medical Academy in Warsaw, suffering primary or secondary infertility. All of them were Mazovian district citizens. The following factors were analyzed: previous or actual diseases, the HSG results, adhesions around the fallopian tubes, adhesions as a result of previous surgery, anatomical abnormalities, and the results of histopathological assessment of the endometrium. A personal inquiry form, based on the data obtained from the hospital records and questioning of women, was performed. The obtained data were analyzed. HSG examination of 243 women demonstrated that in the group of 46 (18.9%) patients one fallopian tube was permeable, and in 9 (3.7%) cases both fallopian tubes were obstructed. Adhesions around the fallopian tubes were confirmed in 123 (52.6%) cases, anatomical abnormalities were found in 32 (13.2%) cases in the same group, and a growing defect of the uterus was ascertained in 17 (6.9%) cases. HSG is a useful and simple method used in the diagnosis of infertility. Factors affecting infertility may be: anatomical abnormalities of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes, confirmed in HSG examination.