eISSN: 1897-4295
ISSN: 1734-9338
Advances in Interventional Cardiology/Postępy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej
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3/2020
vol. 16
 
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From 78% oxygen saturation to 95% in 60 minutes: Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome endovascular treatment

Maciej Szmygin
1
,
Michał Sojka
1
,
Krzysztof Pyra
1
,
Tomasz Jargiełło
1

1.
Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Adv Interv Cardiol 2020; 16, 3 (61): 354–355
Online publish date: 2020/10/02
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Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal communications between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein without an intervening capillary system. PAVMs are most commonly associated with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disorder [1]. Acquired PAVMs occur in patients with chronic liver disease, history of cardiosurgical procedures or thoracic trauma, metastatic thyroid cancer or Fanconi syndrome [2]. The presenting symptoms including dyspnea, hypoxemia and chest pain result from right-to-left shunt, cardiac volume overload and destruction of lung parenchyma. Establishing the final diagnosis is difficult and requires multi-disciplinary workup. Traditional surgical management of PAVM has been gradually replaced by minimally invasive embolotherapy which became a gold standard of treatment [3].

We hereby present the case of a patient with two PAVMs resulting in worsening dyspnea and cyanosis successfully treated by endovascular embolization. A 32-year-old man with two clinically known PAVMs (one significantly bigger in the left lung and one smaller in the right lung (Figure 1 A)) treated for over 10 years with home oxygen therapy was admitted to the Department of Pulmonology. Because of the congenital character of the disease he was adopted to low oxygen saturation, however, over few weeks he reported increasing weakness and 2 episodes of loss of consciousness. Baseline results: oxygen saturation – 78%, PaO2 – 42 mm Hg, PaCO2 – 35 mm Hg, pH – 7.45. Due to severe dyspnea and clinical deterioration, he was referred to the Department of Interventional Radiology for an endovascular procedure. In local anesthesia, the femoral vein access was obtained, left pulmonary vein catheterized and PAVM depicted (Figure 1 B). The embolization of the feeding arteries, AVM nidus and AVM-associated aneurysms was consecutively preformed with coils (Nester and MReye, Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) and 10 mm Amplatzer Vascular Plug (St. Jude Medical, MN, USA). A control contrast injection showed complete elimination of PAVM of the left lung (Figure 1 C). Immediate improvement of the patient’s condition was observed. Oxygen saturation measured directly after the procedure was 95%. Arterial-blood gas values 24 h post-embolization confirmed the improvement of oxygenation – PaO2 – 77 mm Hg, PaCO2 – 31 mm Hg, pH – 7.40.

The patient was discharged from the hospital 2 days after the procedure in good clinical condition. Smaller PAVM of the right lung was successfully treated with coil embolization 3 months after the primary procedure (Figure 1 D). This case report demonstrates that the awareness of possible treatment of rare diseases is insufficient both in the general public and among healthcare professionals. This young individual spent over 10 years from the first CT-angio examination to the final procedure under medical supervision treated only with home oxygen therapy. This led to gradual deterioration of his condition and resignation from active lifestyle. After a decade of conservative treatment he incidentally came across a similar case successfully embolized in our Department. In specialized centers the outcome of embolotherapy of PAVM is very satisfactory, with excellent clinical results and acceptable recurrence and complication rates [4]. However, the knowledge of treatment possibilities remains crucial in order to prevent life-threatening complications associated with PAVMs.

Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
1. Rauh N, Gurley J, Saha S. Contemporary management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Int J Angiol 2017; 26: 205-11.
2. Tellapuri S, Park HS, Kalva SP. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35: 1421-8.
3. Müller-Hülsbeck S, Marques L, Maleux G, et al. CIRSE standards of practice on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020; 43: 353-61.
4. Andersen PE, Duvnjak S, Gerke O, Kjeldsen AD. Long-term single-center follow-up after embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations treated over a 20-year period: frequency of re-canalization with various embolization materials and clinical outcome. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol 2019; 42: 1102-9.
Copyright: © 2020 Termedia Sp. z o. o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
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