eISSN: 1897-4295
ISSN: 1734-9338
Advances in Interventional Cardiology/Postępy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej
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3/2018
vol. 14
 
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Image in intervention

Left superior vena cava draining to left atrium with partially anomalous pulmonary venous connection and left-to-right shunt – multimodality imaging and percutaneous treatment

Kaisa Ylänen
,
Linda Litwin
,
Tiina Ojala
,
Juha Puntila
,
Teija Kalajoki-Helmiö
,
Jaana Pihkala

Adv Interv Cardiol 2018; 14, 3 (53): 312–313
Online publish date: 2018/09/21
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A 4-year-old asymptomatic girl with systolic murmur was referred to a pediatric cardiologist. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) with a communication to the left atrium (LA) and flow directed upwards to the bridging vein introducing a left-to-right shunt. There was no interatrial communication. The coronary sinus was normal, and there was a hemiazygos vein draining to the LSVC.
Previously introduced cases with the LSVC draining directly to the LA have demonstrated a right-to-left shunt and a risk of paradoxical thromboembolism [1–4]. The left-to-right shunt detected in our patient was confusing. Therefore, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were programmed.
Magnetic resonance imaging detected a QP : QS ratio of 1.6 and increased volume of the right ventricle (Z-score + 4).
Cardiac CT confirmed the LSVC to LA connection with a suspicion of the left upper pulmonary vein (LUPV) draining to the LSVC. Cardiac catheterization with hemodynamic measurements and LSVC and pulmonary wedge angiograms was performed. Angiograms confirmed an unobstructed connection of the LSVC to the LA.
The LUPV drained to the LSVC with the flow towards both the bridging vein and the LA (Figure 1). Pressure measurements were normal: right atrium 7/5/5 mm Hg, right ventricle 24/6 mm Hg, and left ventricle 88/8 mm Hg.
The oxygen saturation measured 99% in the LSVC, 79% in the right superior vena cava (RSVC) high above the junction with the bridging vein, 87% in the pulmonary artery and 99% in the left ventricle with a QP : QS ratio of 1.67. An Amplatzer Duct Occluder device (12/10 mm) was placed in the LSVC below the hemiazygos vein – just above the orifice of the LUPV – thereby redirecting the LUPV flow to the LA.
Cardiac MRI, CT and transthoracic echocardiography are well established in determining pulmonary and systemic venous drainage. In this case, cardiac catheterization confirmed the connection of the LUPV to the LSVC and explained the left-to-right shunt which then could be closed percutaneously.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

1. Moustafa S, Patton DJ, Merchant N, et al. Successful catheter-based occlusion of persistent left-sided superior vena cava draining into the left atrium. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 13: 122.
2. Hutyra M, Skala T, Sanak D, et al. Persistent left superior vena cava connected through the left upper pulmonary vein to the left atrium: an unusual pathway for paradoxical embolization and a rare cause of recurrent transient ischaemic attack. Eur J Echocardiogr 2010; 11: E35.
3. Tampere L, Paranon S, Séguéla PE. Percutaneous closure of a left superior vena cava draining directly into the left atrium in a child. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 105: 53-5.
4. Quarti A, Di Eusanio M, Pierri MD, Di Eusanio G. Left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium, associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection: surgical correction. J Card Surg 2005; 20: 353-5.
Copyright: © 2018 Termedia Sp. z o. o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
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