Fever in children is a symptom of a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from frequent self-limiting viral infections of the upper respiratory tract to serious diseases that are life-threatening. Diagnostic management of a febrile child is aimed at assessing the causes of this symptom, assessing the risk to life and the occurrence of serious disease, as well as the symptoms of other diseases, including self-limiting infections, and the use of appropriate medical intervention including determination of the indications for outpatient treatment or hospitalization and pharmacological therapy. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are the only antipyretic drugs recommended for use in children.