Purpose: Limbic encephalitis (LE) is a rare but necessary condition to consider when experiencing cognitive disorders, seizures, and psychiatric disorders.

Case description: This article presents a case of a 28-year-old patient with uncontrolled disease history, with systemic symptoms of viral infection and prolonged convulsive seizure status. Based on clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid test results revealed LE. After treatment and rehabilitation, the patient returned to work.

Comment: Limbic encephalitis was first described in 1960. In terms of aetiology, we divide LE into non-infectious (a para nitrogen syndrome primarily associated with small cell lung cancer) and infectious cases (caused by herpes simplex virus). Other cases of autoimmune diseases have also been reported – non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (NPLE), in which the presence of antibodies against the antigen of the neuronal membrane is observed. Non-paraneoplastic LE variants are examples of potentially reversible LE variants.