Self-defining memories in male alcohol-dependent patients: role of significant others in relationships

Introduction:
The study aims to compare the characteristics of self-defining memories in alcohol dependence and explore differences in autobiographical memory functions, self-esteem and depressive symptoms between men with and without alcohol dependence as well as their interrelationships.

Material and methods:
The study sample included 60 participants, 30 male patients with alcohol dependence and 30 non-alcohol-dependent matched by age and education. Both groups completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and wrote three self-defining memories (SDM) and one frequently narrated memory (NM) from their close circle. The CAGE Questionnaire screened for alcohol-use problems in the comparison group. Subsequently, participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Autobiographical Memory Functions Scale (AMFS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RBSS) and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for heavy drinking (YBOCS-hd).

Results:
Men with alcohol dependence reported more general SDM, higher negative mood, more negative emotional intensity, more memories of relationships and alcohol use and fewer achievement memories. In their NM, the alcohol-dependent group showed more relational self-representations and greater guilt. Additionally, they showed higher depressive symptoms, lower self-esteem and mood regulation (based on memories). In both groups, higher self-esteem correlated with lower depressive symptoms.

Discussion:
In alcohol dependence, defining self-concept through significant others highlights the importance of interpersonal relationships and related emotions. Negative emotions, difficulties in mood regulation as a function of memory and low self-esteem are common challenges that may hinder treatment.

Conclusions:
Given the framework of self-defining memories, the recall of general and negative past events, interpersonal relationships and emotions emerge as critical targets for intervention in the treatment of alcohol dependence.