Breastfeeding women are population who are increasing in number, are more aware, and require special care in primary health care. They report with various symptoms, which often require pharmacotherapy. Treatment of a breastfeeding woman essentially should not differ from the general principles of treatment, but it should be done with caution. In order to effectively and safely conduct therapy, it is necessary to have basic knowledge about lactation and general rules of pharmacotherapy during this period. Of great help in everyday work are commonly available drug guides, which quickly and easily provide information on the safety profile of a given medicine and often suggest safer solutions. When choosing a medication for a woman, the doctor should follow current medical knowledge and not only the information contained in drug flyers or characteristics of medicinal products.