Biol Sport. 2026;43:941-948
1. Krustrup P, Mohr M, Steensberg A, Bencke J, Kjær M, Bangsbo J. Muscle and blood metabolites during a soccer game: implications for sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006; 38(6):1165–74.
2.
Mohr M, Ermidis G, Jamurtas AZ, Vigh-Larsen JF, Poulios A, Draganidis D, et al. Extended match time exacerbates fatigue and impacts physiological responses in male soccer players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022; 55(1):80.
3.
Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J Sports Sci. 2003; 21(7):519–28.
4.
Fransson D, Krustrup P, Mohr M. Running intensity fluctuations indicate temporary performance decrement in top-class football. Sci Med Football. 2017; 1(1):10–7.
5.
Vigh-Larsen JF, Ørtenblad N, Stoltz V, Fransson D, Yousefian F, Panduro J, et al. Muscle Metabolism and Performance During Simulated Peak-Intensity Periods Occurring Early and Late in a Soccer-Specific Exercise Protocol in Well-Trained Male Players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2025; 35(5):e70075.
6.
Faude O, Koch T, Meyer T. Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. J Sports Sci. 2012; 30(7):625–31.
7.
Martínez-Hernández D, Quinn M, Jones P. Linear advancing actions followed by deceleration and turn are the most common movements preceding goals in male professional soccer. Sci Med Football. 2023; 7(1):25–33.
8.
Bangsbo J, Iaia FM, Krustrup P. Metabolic response and fatigue in soccer. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2007; 2(2):111–27.
9.
Randell RK, Carter JM, Jeukendrup AE, Lizarraga MA, Yanguas JI, Rollo I. Fat Oxidation Rates in Professional Soccer Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019; 51(8):1677–83.
10.
Bendiksen M, Bischoff R, Randers MB, Mohr M, Rollo I, Suetta C, et al. The Copenhagen Soccer Test: physiological response and fatigue development. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012; 44(8):1595–603.
11.
Bergström J, Hermansen L, Hultman E, Saltin B. Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance. Acta Physiol Scand. 1967; 71(2–3):140–50.
12.
Hultman E, Bergstrom J. Muscle glycogen synthesis in relation to diet studied in normal subjects. Acta Medica Scand. 1967; 182, 109–117.
13.
Spriet LL. Regulation of skeletal muscle fat oxidation during exercise in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002; 34(9):1477–84.
14.
Costill DL, Coyle E, Dalsky G, Evans W, Fink W, Hoopes D. Effects of elevated plasma FFA and insulin on muscle glycogen usage during exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1977; 43(4):695–9.
15.
Frandsen J, Vest SD, Larsen S, Dela F, Helge JW. Maximal fat oxidation is related to performance in an ironman triathlon. Int J Sports Med. 2017; 38(13):975–82.
16.
Randell RK, Rollo I, Roberts TJ, Dalrymple KJ, Jeukendrup AE, Carter JM. Maximal fat oxidation rates in an athletic population. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017; 49(1):133–40.
17.
Rømer T, Hansen MT, Lange KK, Petersen ML, Ibh AP, Panduro J, et al. Peak fat oxidation, peak oxygen uptake, and running performance increase during pre-season in sub-elite male football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024; 34(4):e14617. doi: 10.1111/ sms.14617. PubMed PMID: 38566409.
18.
Spriet LL. New insights into the interaction of carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise. Sports Med. 2014; 44(Suppl 1):87–96.
19.
Van Loon LJ, Greenhaff PL, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Saris WH, Wagenmakers AJ. The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans. J Physiol. 2001; 536(1):295–304.
20.
Maunder E, Plews DJ, Kilding AE. Contextualising maximal fat oxidation during exercise: determinants and normative values. Front Physiol. 2018; 9:599.
21.
Krustrup P, Ørtenblad N, Nielsen J, Nybo L, Gunnarsson TP, Iaia FM, et al. Maximal voluntary contraction force, SR function and glycogen resynthesis during the first 72 h after a high-level competitive soccer game. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111(12):2987–95.
22.
Ørtenblad N, Nielsen J, Saltin B, Holmberg HC. Role of glycogen availability in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ kinetics in human skeletal muscle. J Physiology. 2011; 589(3):711–25.
23.
Borg G. Ratings of perceived exertion and heart rates during short-term cycle exercise and their use in a new cycling strength test. Int J Sports Med. 1982; 3(03):153–8.
24.
Frayn K. Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange. J Appl Physiol. 1983; 55(2):628–34.
25.
Mohr M, Vigh-Larsen JF, Krustrup P. Muscle glycogen in elite soccer–a perspective on the implication for performance, fatigue, and recovery. Front Sports Act Living. 2022; 4:876534.
26.
Achten J, Jeukendrup A. Maximal fat oxidation during exercise in trained men. Int J Sports Med. 2003; 24(08):603–8.
27.
Montain SJ, Hopper MK, Coggan AR, Coyle EF. Exercise metabolism at different time intervals after a meal. J Appl Physiol. 1991; 70(2):882–8.
28.
Aquino R, Carling C, Maia J, Vieira LHP, Wilson RS, Smith N, et al. Relationships between running demands in soccer match-play, anthropometric, and physical fitness characteristics: a systematic review. Int J Perform Anal Sport. 2020; 20(3):534–55.
29.
Modric T, Versic S, Sekulic D. Aerobic fitness and game performance indicators in professional football players; playing position specifics and associations. Heliyon. 2020; 6(11).
30.
Bangsbo J, Iaia FM, Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test: a useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Med. 2008; 38(1):37–51.
31.
Mohr M, Thomassen M, Girard O, Racinais S, Nybo L. Muscle variables of importance for physiological performance in competitive football. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016; 116(2):251–62.
32.
Baptista I, Winther AK, Johansen D, Randers MB, Pedersen S, Pettersen SA. The variability of physical match demands in elite women’s football. Sci Med Football. 2022; 6(5):559–65.
33.
Gregson W, Drust B, Atkinson G, Salvo V. Match-to-match variability of high-speed activities in premier league soccer. Int J Sports Med. 2010; 31(04):237–42.
34.
Oliva-Lozano JM, Muyor JM, Fortes V, McLaren SJ. Decomposing the variability of match physical performance in professional soccer: Implications for monitoring individuals. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021; 21(11):1588–96.
35.
Klaris MB, Cubel C, Bruun TR, Stampe D, Rørvik S, Fischer M, et al. Performance and fatigue patterns in elite cyclists during 6 h of simulated road racing. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024; 34(7):e14699.
Copyright: Institute of Sport. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.