Biology of Sport
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Original paper

Exploring the potential synergistic pharmacological and psychological effects of caffeine on exercise performance: a placebo-balanced study

Juan Del Coso
1
,
Beatriz Lara
2, 3
,
César Gallo-Salazar
2, 3
,
Francisco Areces
2, 3
,
Millán Aguilar-Navarro
4
,
Verónica Giráldez-Costas
2, 3
,
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín
4
,
Fernando Valero
5
,
Juan Jose Salinero
2, 5

  1. Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
  2. Exercise Physiology Laboratory (GIDECS) Faculty of Health Sciences – HM Hospitals, University Camilo José Cela, Villanueva de la Cañada, España
  3. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
  4. Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
  5. Sport Training Laboratory (GIRD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
Biol Sport.2026; 43: 95–105
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153332
Online publish date: 2025/08/05
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Copyright: Institute of Sport. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
  
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