eISSN: 1897-4317
ISSN: 1895-5770
Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny
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without publication fees
1/2022
vol. 17
 
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abstract:
Review paper

Halitosis as a symptom of gastroenterological diseases

Elżbieta Poniewierka
1
,
Maciej Pleskacz
2
,
Natalia Łuc-Pleskacz
3
,
Joanna Kłaniecka-Broniek
3

1.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
2.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
3.
Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
Gastroenterology Rev 2022; 17 (1): 17–20
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2022.114593
Online publish date: 2022/03/18
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Bad breath is a clinical symptom encountered by doctors of various specialties in their daily practice. The symptom causes lower self-esteem and a negative perception of the patient by society, and consequently personal and social isolation. Bad breath can be an early manifestation of many systemic diseases. Because its causes are numerous, it is important to properly diagnose the condition and apply the appropriate treatment. The aim of the study was to present the gastroenterological aspect of halitosis on the basis of available literature reports.
keywords:

halitosis, volatile compounds, gastrointestinal
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