Biology of Sport
eISSN: 2083-1862
ISSN: 0860-021X
Biology of Sport
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abstract:
Original paper

Influence of contextualized physical performance metrics on offensive and defensive outcomes in professional football players

Paolo Troiani
1
,
Antonio Lucadamo
2
,
Dario Pompa
1, 3
,
Cristian Savoia
4
,
Francesco Laterza
5, 6
,
Maurizio Bertollo
1, 3
,
Marco Beato
6, 7

  1. Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
  2. Department of Law, Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
  3. BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
  4. The Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, The Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  5. Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Open University, Naples, Italy
  6. Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
  7. School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
Biol Sport. 2026;43:875–886
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.158681
Online publish date: 2026/02/06
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This study aimed to determine how contextualized physical performance metrics influence offensive and defensive outcomes in professional football. We examined external load and high-intensity actions over two seasons, adopting a dual-team approach including a reference team and its opponent. Positional data from all outfield players in 760 matches were collected using a video-based tracking system, capturing sprinting, accelerations, decelerations, and high-intensity efforts across in-possession, out-of-possession, and out-of-play phases. Sprinting distance in possession was associated with a higher number of goals scored (β = 0.308, standard error [SE] = 0.057, p < 0.001). High metabolic power distance during out-of-play phases was also a positive predictor of offensive effectiveness (β = 1.274, SE = 0.218, p < 0.001). High-intensity deceleration distance in possession was negatively related to goals scored (β = -0.257, SE = 0.089, p = 0.004). Defensively, higher opponent intensity—such as sprinting distance in possession and high metabolic power distance during out-of-play phases—was associated with a higher number of goals conceded (β = 0.212, SE = 0.052, p < 0.001; β = 1.379, SE = 0.207, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas high metabolic power distance of the reference team during out-of-play phases was negatively associated (β = -0.966, SE = 0.241, p < 0.001). The influence of in-possession decelerations differed between seasons, indicating that timing and tactical context modulate how these actions affect goals conceded. A focused set of contextualized physical metrics critically shape offensive and defensive outcomes and can guide training and tactical strategies to enhance team performance.
keywords:

Football (soccer), Match analysis, Training load, Kinematic, Video tracking

  
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