In recent years, the term: “insulin resistance” has appeared more and more frequently in the medical literature. This concept often causes anxiety among patients, which is certainly related to the misunderstanding of its definition and meaning. In this study, the authors attempted to systematize the current knowledge on the principles of diagnosing insulin resistance and prediabetes, as well as discuss the possibilities of management. Proposed rules for prescribing reimbursed drugs, depending on the diagnosis, were also presented.