Metabolic disruption in early life: the role of endocrine disruptors in pediatric obesity

Child and adolescent obesity is a significant and increasingly prevalent public health challenge. Among the contributing factors are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), which interfere with pathways regulating adipogenesis and metabolic homeostasis. The mechanism of EDC action includes epigenetic modifications, interactions with hormonal receptors, and disruption of key hormones such as leptin, insulin, and thyroid hormones. Exposure during critical developmental periods – specifically in utero and in early childhood – poses a substantial risk, promoting long-term metabolic disorders. This review presents current epidemiological data and discusses potential mechanisms underlying obesity development due to EDC. It also underscores the importance of preventive strategies, including reduced plastic usage, promotion of organic diets, and strengthened regulatory measures, in mitigating the global burden of pediatric obesity.