In the present review the influence of certain factors on the effectiveness of treatment course and new possibilities of medication of Helicobacter pylori infections are outlined. Increasing resistance against clarithromycin and high resistance against metronidazole pose the greatest challenge. Therefore, the choice of the proper set of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics is of the greatest importance. The authors present the results of eradication depending on treatment schemas. The authors also direct attention at the importance of the duration of the treatment and compliance of patients in fulfilment of medical advice. Results of treatment effectiveness with tetracycline, bismuth, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and other medicaments are presented. Sequence therapy and recommendations for the treatment of H. pylori infection of the Working Group of the Polish Society of Gastroenterology are discussed.