Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 77–94
1. Hebb DO. Textbook of physiology. In Philadelphia: Saunders; 1972. p. 77–93.
2.
Evarts E V, Shinoda Y, Wise SP. Neurophysiological approaches to higher brain functions. New York: Wiley; 1984.
3.
Munoz DP, Everling S. Look away: the anti-saccade task and the voluntary control of eye movement. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004; 5(3):218–28.
4.
Coe BC, Munoz DP. Mechanisms of saccade suppression revealed in the anti-saccade task. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2017; 372(1718).
5.
Riek HC, Brien DC, Coe BC, Huang J, Perkins JE, Yep R, et al. Cognitive correlates of antisaccade behaviour across multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Commun. 2023; 5(2).
6.
Yep R, Smorenburg ML, Riek HC, Calancie OG, Kirkpatrick RH, Perkins JE, et al. Interleaved Pro/Anti-saccade Behavior Across the Lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022; 521.
7.
Logan NE, Henry DA, Hillman CH, Kramer AF. Trained athletes and cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2023; 21(4).
8.
Dupuy O, Ludyga S, Ortega FB, Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Herold F, et al. Do not underestimate the cognitive benefits of exercise. Nat Hum Behav. 2024; 8(8):1460–3.
9.
Connolly JD, Goodale MA, Menon RS, Munoz DP. Human fMRI evidence for the neural correlates of preparatory set. Nat Neurosci. 2002; 5(12):1345–52.
10.
Fernandez-Ruiz J, Peltsch A, Alahyane N, Brien DC, Coe BC, Garcia A, et al. Age related prefrontal compensatory mechanisms for inhibitory control in the antisaccade task. Neuroimage. 2018; 165:92–101.
11.
Alahyane N, Brien DC, Coe BC, Stroman PW, Munoz DP. Developmental improvements in voluntary control of behavior: Effect of preparation in the fronto-parietal network? Neuroimage. 2014; 98:103–17.
12.
Connolly JD, Goodale MA, Goltz HC, Munoz DP. fMRI activation in the human frontal eye field is correlated with saccadic reaction time. J Neurophysiol. 2005; 94(1):605–11.
13.
Eckstein MK, Guerra-Carrillo B, Miller Singley AT, Bunge SA. Beyond eye gaze: What else can eyetracking reveal about cognition and cognitive development? Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2017; 25:69–91.
14.
Joshi S, Gold JI. Pupil Size as a Window on Neural Substrates of Cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2020; 466–80.
15.
Strauch C, Wang CA, Einhäuser W, Stigchel S Van der, Naber M. Pupillometry as an integrated readout of distinct attentional networks. Trends Neurosci. 2022; 45(8):635–47.
16.
McDougal DH, Gamlin PD. Autonomic control of the eye. Compr Physiol. 2015; 5(1):439–73.
17.
Aston-Jones G, Cohen JD. An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2005; 28:403–50.
18.
Wang CA, Munoz DP. A circuit for pupil orienting responses: implications for cognitive modulation of pupil size. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2015; 33:134–40.
19.
Wang CA, Munoz DP. Linking the superior colliculus to pupil modulation. In: Papesh M, Goldinger S, editors. Modern Pupillometry: Cognition, Neuroscience, and Practical Applications. Springer; 2024; 77–98.
20.
Wang CA, Boehnke SE, White BJ, Munoz DP. Microstimulation of the monkey superior colliculus induces pupil dilation without evoking saccades. J Neurosci. 2012; 32(11):3629–36.
21.
Wang CA, Munoz DP. Coordination of pupil and saccade responses by the superior colliculus. J Cogn Neurosci. 2021; 33(5):919–32.
22.
Lehmann SJ, Corneil BD. Transient Pupil Dilation after Subsaccadic Microstimulation of Primate Frontal Eye Fields. J Neurosci. 2016; 36(13):3765–76.
23.
Ayala N, Niechwiej-Szwedo E. Effects of blocked vs. interleaved administration mode on saccade preparatory set revealed using pupillometry. Exp Brain Res. 2021; 239(1):245–55.
24.
Ayala N, Heath M. Pupillometry reveals the role of arousal in a postexercise benefit to executive function. Brain Sci. 2021; 11(8).
25.
Cherng YG, Baird T, Chen JT, Wang CA. Background luminance effects on pupil size associated with emotion and saccade preparation. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):15718.
26.
Wang CA, McInnis H, Brien DC, Pari G, Munoz DP. Disruption of pupil size modulation correlates with voluntary motor preparation deficits in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia. 2016; 80:176–84.
27.
Wang CA, Brien DC, Munoz DP. Pupil size reveals preparatory processes in the generation of pro-saccades and anti-saccades. Eur J Neurosci. 2015; 41(8):1102–10.
28.
Huang J, Smorenburg ML, Yep R, Riek HC, Calancie OG, Kirkpatrick RH, et al. Age-related changes in pupil dynamics and task modulation across the healthy lifespan. Front Neurosci. 2024; 18:1445727.
29.
Dalmaso M, Castelli L, Galfano G. Microsaccadic rate and pupil size dynamics in pro-/anti-saccade preparation: the impact of intermixed vs. blocked trial administration. Psychol Res. 2020; 84(5):1320–32.
30.
Wang CA, Muggleton NG, Chang YH, Barquero C, Kuo YC. Time-on-task effects on human pupillary and saccadic metrics after theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation over the frontal eye field. IBRO Neurosci Reports. 2023; 15:364–75.
31.
Huang J, Brien D, Coe BC, Longoni G, Mabbott DJ, Munoz DP, et al. Delayed oculomotor response associates with optic neuritis in youth with demyelinating dis orders. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2023; 79.
32.
Oster J, Huang J, White BJ, Radach · Ralph, Itti · Laurent, Douglas ·, et al. Pupillary responses to differences in luminance, color and set size. Exp Brain Res. 2022; 1:1–13.
33.
Marino RA, Levy R, Boehnke S, White BJ, Itti L, Munoz DP. Linking visual response properties in the superior colliculus to saccade behavior. Eur J Neurosci. 2012; 35(11):1738–52.
34.
Marino RA, Levy R, Munoz DP. Linking express saccade occurance to stimulus properties and sensorimotor integration in the superior colliculus. J Neurophysiol. 2015; 114(2):879–92.
35.
Chen J, Kan NW, Barquero C, Teo MMJ, Wang CA. Saccade latency and metrics in the interleaved pro- and anti-saccade task in open skill sports athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2024; 34(8):e14713.
36.
Gu Q, Zou L, Loprinzi PD, Quan M, Huang T. Effects of open versus closed skill exercise on cognitive function: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10:1707.
37.
Wang CH, Chang CC, Liang YM, Shih CM, Chiu WS, Tseng P, et al. Open vs. Closed Skill Sports and the Modulation of Inhibitory Control. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2).
38.
Nuri L, Shadmehr A, Ghotbi N, Attarbashi Moghadam B. Reaction time and anticipatory skill of athletes in open and closed skill-dominated sport. Eur J Sport Sci. 2013; 13(5).
39.
Zhu H, Chen A, Guo W, Zhu F, Wang B. Which type of exercise is more beneficial for cognitive function? A meta-analysis of the effects of open-skill exercise versus closed-skill exercise among children, adults, and elderly populations. Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2020; 10(8):2737.
40.
Harris CM, Wolpert DM. The main sequence of saccades optimizes speed-accuracy trade-off. Biol Cybern. 2006; 95(1):21–9.
41.
Kret ME, Sjak-Shie EE. Preprocessing pupil size data: Guidelines and code. Behav Res Methods. 2019; 51(3).
42.
JASP Team. JASP (Version 0.10.2). [Computer software]. 2019.
43.
Beavan A, Spielmann J, Mayer J, Skorski S, Meyer T, Fransen J. The rise and fall of executive functions in high-level football players. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2020; 49.
44.
Zou L, Herold F, Ludyga S, Kamijo K, Müller NG, Pontifex MB, et al. Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance? Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2023; 12(5):568–91.
45.
Ayala N, Heath M. Executive Dysfunction after a Sport-Related Concussion Is Independent of Task-Based Symptom Burden. J Neurotrauma. 2020; 37(23).
46.
Kalén A, Bisagno E, Musculus L, Raab M, Pérez-Ferreirós A, Williams AM, et al. The Role of Domain-Specific and Domain-General Cognitive Functions and Skills in Sports Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Psychol Bull. 2021; 147(12).
47.
Everling S, Munoz DP. Neuronal correlates for preparatory set associated with pro-saccades and anti-saccades in the primate frontal eye field. J Neurosci. 2000; 20:387–400.
48.
Quaia C, Lefevre P, Optican LM. Model of the control of saccades by superior colliculus and cerebellum. J Neurophysiol. 1999; 82(2):999–1018.
49.
Li LL, Feng X, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Shi Q, Lei Z, et al. Stress Accelerates Defensive Responses to Looming in Mice and Involves a Locus Coeruleus-Superior Colliculus Projection. Curr Biol. 2018; 28(6):859–71.
50.
Kunita K, Fujiwara K. Influence of sports experience on distribution of pro-saccade reaction time under gap condition. J Physiol Anthropol. 2022; 41(1).
51.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009; 41(4).
52.
Huyghe T, Calleja-González J, Bird SP, Alcaraz PE. Pupillometry as a new window to player fatigue? A glimpse inside the eyes of a Euro Cup Women’s Basketball team. Biol Sport. 2024; 41(1).
Copyright: Institute of Sport. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.