Biology of Sport

Abstract

4/2025 vol. 42
Original paper

Running demands during top-up conditioning sessions compared to competitive matches in elite Portuguese soccer players

  1. Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
  2. Department of Performance Optimization, GOD, Sporting Clube de Braga SAD, Braga, Portugal
  3. SC Braga Education, Braga, Portugal
  4. Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
  5. Department of Optimization, Health, and Performance, DOSP, Sporting Clube de Braga, Braga, Portugal
  6. Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
  7. Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
Biol Sport. 2025;42(4):287–297
Online publish date: 2025/06/24
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Soccer players who are non-starters typically experience reduced match loads, which can hinder their physical fitness and match readiness over time. This study aimed to investigate the running demands accumulated during top-up sessions in comparison to soccer matches. Twenty-six outfield soccer players from an elite Portuguese soccer team participated in this study. The following running variables were recorded: total distance (TD), running (14.4 to 19.7 km · h−1), high-speed running (HSR: 19.8 to 25.1 km · h−1), sprinting (≥ 25.2 km·h−1) distances, number of sprints (counts), number of accelerations (ACC; 2–3 m·s−2 and > 3 m·s−2), decelerations (DEC; 2–3 m·s−2 and > 3 m·s−2), and player load. A linear mixed-effects model was used to examine differences between top-up sessions and matches. Overall, no starters accumulated lower running load during top-up sessions than matches for most of the variables analyzed, but in particular TD (p < 0.001; ES range 2.46 to 3.74), running (p < 0.001; ES range 2.93 to 3.90), HSR (p < 0.001; ES range 2.21 to 3.47), sprints events (p < 0.001; ES range 1.16 to 2.76), ACC > 3 m·s−2 (p < 0.005; ES range 0.98 to 1.37), DEC > 3 m·s−2 (p < 0.001; ES range 1.91 to 2.66), and player load (p < 0.001; ES range 2.34 to 3.23). Therefore, non-starters accumulated less than half of the total match distance for most of the running metrics during top-up sessions. These findings suggest that compensatory training should be designed to more closely replicate match demands, with particular attention to high-intensity demands, such as HSR and sprints.
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