Biology of Sport
eISSN: 2083-1862
ISSN: 0860-021X
Biology of Sport
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abstract:
Original paper

The influence of functional kinematic asymmetry on maximum speed performance in repeated sprints

Mateusz Jopek
1
,
Michal Krzysztofik
2
,
Dariusz Mroczek
3
,
Adam Zajac
2
,
Krzysztof Mackala
1

  1. Department of Individual and Team Physical Activities, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
  2. Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
  3. Department of Biological and Motor Bases of Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
Biol Sport. 2026;43:911–919
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.158304
Online publish date: 2026/02/23
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The study aimed to determine the influence of functional asymmetry on the kinematic parameters of the 50 m run and its significance in shaping maximum speed in sprinters at various sports levels. The analysis included 18 Polish sprinters (elite: ≤ 10.40 s, sub-elite: ≤ 11.10 s per 100 m) who performed four 50 m runs with 5-minute breaks. Kinematic parameters were recorded using the OptoJumpNEXT system and WittyGate photocells. The fastest and slowest run of each athlete was selected for analysis. The results showed that kinematic asymmetry has a significant impact on sprint performance. Elite sprinters had less asymmetry in stride length, frequency, and ground contact time, which correlated with better results. The key findings indicate that in the acceleration phase (0–20 m), stride length and contact time symmetry were crucial, while in the maximal speed phase (20–50 m), the symmetry of stride frequency was important. A higher sports level was associated with a more optimized running technique, as evidenced by lower kinematic asymmetry. The results suggest that minimizing kinematic asymmetry may be a crucial factor in optimizing the sprinting technique and enhancing performance, offering practical insights for coaches and athletes and empowering them to make informed decisions in their training programs.
keywords:

Sprinting, Asymmetry, Maximum speed, Kinematics, Biomechanics

  
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