Biology of Sport
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Biology of Sport
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Original paper

The relative age effect and transition rates across a national soccer program in male and female youth to senior players. A longitudinal analysis

Daniel Nisbet
1, 2
,
Mauro Mandorino
3, 4
,
Piotr Zmijewski
5, 6
,
Toni Modric
7, 8
,
José Eduardo Teixeira
9, 10, 11
,
Alexandre Moreira
12
,
Ryland Morgans
1

  1. School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
  2. Al Ahli Saudi FC, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  3. Performance and Analytics Department, Parma Calcio 1913, 43121 Parma, Italy
  4. Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
  5. Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland
  6. Research and Development Center Legia Lab, Legia Warszawa, Poland
  7. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
  8. High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, Zagreb, Croatia
  9. Department of Sports Sciences, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
  10. Department of Sports Sciences, Polytechnic of Cávado and Ave., 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
  11. SPRINT—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
  12. Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Biol Sport. 2026;43:439–448
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154941
Online publish date: 2025/10/01
Article file
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Copyright: Institute of Sport. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
  
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