Obesity is a chronic disease with the E66 code in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems ICD-10. It does not withdraw spontaneously and has a tendency to relapse. It has also a complex aetiology in which role are playing e.g. environmental, genetic, and psychological factors and disorders of the hormonal axis regulating food intake. In Poland, there is no publicly funded system for the treatment of overweight and obesity. There is also a lack of obesitology – a separate medical specialisation that focuses comprehensively on obesity. Therefore, patients are mainly treated by primary care physicians, bariatric surgeons, and physicians representing specialties including complications of obesity. The aim of this article is to introduce the most important issues regarding the treatment of obesity in adult patients of primary care, on the basis of existing guidelines, with particular emphasis on practical aspects.