In the near future treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may be problematic because of the growing resistance of this microorganism to antibacterial drugs included in the eradication scheme. Standard therapy is inefficacious in as many as 25% of cases, and currently available second- and third-line schemes are inefficacious in approximately 20% of patients. These observations lead to numerous trials that assess applicability of alternative antibiotics/chemotherapeutics, novel substances inhibiting H. pylori growth, and research on new patterns of eradication. In order to improve the healing effectiveness and to decrease the risk of adverse effects, not only appropriate drug selection but also optimal dosage and duration of treatment are essential. This paper presents a review of research results and clinical trials aimed at invention of the best eradication pattern, especially in case of failure of the standard therapy.