This article reviews the current recommendations for diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection based on agreement in the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report and the Kyoto Global Consensus on Hp gastritis. It was underlined that Hp gastritis is accepted as an infectious disease irrespective of symptoms and complications. Helicobacter pylori-associated dyspepsia is a distinct entity. Helicobacter pylori infection is a major aetiological factor for gastric cancer, and Hp eradication reduces the risk of cancer development. PPI-clarithromycin-containing triple therapy should be abandoned when the clarithromycin resistance rate in the region is more than 15%. In these areas bismuth quadruple or non-bismuth quadruple therapies are recommended. In areas of high dual clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance, bismuth quadruple therapy is the recommended first-line treatment. It is worth underlining that every patient should be individually considered according to the kind of treatment and its likely complications.