Gastroenterology Review
eISSN: 1897-4317
ISSN: 1895-5770
Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny
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1/2026
vol. 21
 
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abstract:
Review paper

A comprehensive review of usefulness of sodium butyrate for the management of inflammatory bowel disease: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application

Katarzyna Karłowicz
1
,
Konrad Lewandowski
1
,
Edyta Tulewicz-Marti
1
,
Grażyna Rydzewska
1, 2

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Gastroenterology Rev 2026; 21 (1): 29–37
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2026.159719
Online publish date: 2026/02/25
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Sodium butyrate (SB), a salt of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, has emerged as a promising adjunctive therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is commonly associated with intestinal dysbiosis characterized by depletion of butyrogenic bacteria. This leads to a functionally relevant butyrate deficiency that contributes to epithelial barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and persistent mucosal inflammation. Experimental studies demonstrate that butyrate supports colonocyte energy metabolism, strengthens tight-junction integrity, enhances mucin and antimicrobial peptide production, and promotes epithelial repair. These effects are mediated through immunomodulatory pathways, in particular involving G-protein–coupled receptor activation and histone deacetylase inhibition. Clinically, SB has shown therapeutic potential primarily in ulcerative colitis, with more limited data in Crohn’s disease. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the clinical utility of SB supplementation in patients with IBD and outlines the mechanistic basis supporting its therapeutic application.
keywords:

sodium butyrate, butyric acid, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis



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