Alterations in innate antibacterial response after immunomodulating nutrition

The immune disorders occurring together with the surgical injury as well as the malnutrition which worsens after major surgery usually worsens outcome. Septic infections in malnourished surgical patients show the highest morbidity and mortality rate. The attempt to correct the postoperative immune and nutritional disorders by introducing immunomodulating nutrition is a promising way of improving outcome, but as yet little is known about the mechanisms of correcting postoperative extensive inflammatory response (SIRS) to a massive infection using this type of nutrition. A significant role in innate antibacterial and inflammatory response play Toll-like receptors that recognize PAMPs-pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this paper special emphasis was put on clinical trials and the research result for TLR-dependent immune response, anti-bacterial/anti-inflammatory response applying immunonutrition with increased concentrations of glutamine and unsaturated fatty acids.