Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are exceedingly rare, age-dependent and likely to be malignant among elderly patients. Differentiating between the many types of cystic lesions of the pancreas is very important in prognosis and management. In particular, differentiating between pseudocysts and cystic neoplasms is of special importance. Mistakes in diagnosis may result in serious complications and delay appropriate therapy. The article covers classification, characteristics and management in different types of lesions. The author draws attention to the specificity of lesion diagnostics.