Butyric acid is naturally produced by symbiotic bacteria in the colon. Owing to this many studies have been conducted on its practical use for treatment and prevention of intestinal disorders. Considering the physicochemical properties of butyric acid (volatility, strong odour) in clinical practice butyrate salts are commonly used, in particular sodium butyrate. Clinical studies have shown a number of positive effects of sodium butyrate in ulcerative colitis, diversion colitis as well as bowel inflammation after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Sodium butyrate supplementation led to regeneration of intestinal mucosa and restored physiological functions of the gut.