Cross-sectional evaluation of people with type 1 diabetes participating 
in the GoPump Structured Diabetes Education Program during

Marta Najmanowicz; Weronika Gajda; Aleksandra Nowatkowska; Mikołaj Kamiński; Aleksandra Cieluch; Alicja Sroczyńska; Anna Kreczmer; Magdalena Michalak; Anna Adamska; Urszula Frąckowiak; Mateusz Michalski; Aleksandra Araszkiewicz; Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz; Andrzej Gawrecki

doi:10.5114/pedm.2025.148400

eISSN: 2083-8441
ISSN: 2081-237X

Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism

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abstract:

Original paper

Cross-sectional evaluation of people with type 1 diabetes participating in the GoPump Structured Diabetes Education Program during "Insulin Pump Weeks”

Marta Najmanowicz

¹

,

Weronika Gajda

¹

,

Aleksandra Nowatkowska

¹

,

Mikołaj Kamiński

²

,

Aleksandra Cieluch

³

,

Alicja Sroczyńska

³

,

Anna Kreczmer

³

,

Magdalena Michalak

¹

,

Anna Adamska

¹

,

Urszula Frąckowiak

³

,

Mateusz Michalski

¹

,

Aleksandra Araszkiewicz

¹

,

Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz

¹

,

Andrzej Gawrecki

¹

Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Raszeja City Hospital, Poznan, Poland

Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2025; 31: 1-8

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2025.148400

Online publish date: 2025/04/03

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AMA

Najmanowicz M, Gajda W, Nowatkowska A, et al. Cross-sectional evaluation of people with type 1 diabetes participating 
in the GoPump Structured Diabetes Education Program during "Insulin Pump Weeks”. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2025;31(1):1-8. doi:10.5114/pedm.2025.148400.

APA

Najmanowicz, M., Gajda, W., Nowatkowska, A., Kamiński, M., Cieluch, A.,  & Sroczyńska, A. et al. (2025). Cross-sectional evaluation of people with type 1 diabetes participating 
in the GoPump Structured Diabetes Education Program during "Insulin Pump Weeks”. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 31(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2025.148400

Chicago

Najmanowicz, Marta, Weronika Gajda, Aleksandra Nowatkowska, Mikołaj Kamiński, Aleksandra Cieluch, Alicja Sroczyńska,  and Anna Kreczmer et al. 2025. "Cross-sectional evaluation of people with type 1 diabetes participating 
in the GoPump Structured Diabetes Education Program during "Insulin Pump Weeks”". Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism 31 (1): 1-8. doi:10.5114/pedm.2025.148400.

Harvard

Najmanowicz, M., Gajda, W., Nowatkowska, A., Kamiński, M., Cieluch, A., Sroczyńska, A., Kreczmer, A., Michalak, M., Adamska, A., Frąckowiak, U., Michalski, M., Araszkiewicz, A., Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz, D.,  and Gawrecki, A. (2025). Cross-sectional evaluation of people with type 1 diabetes participating 
in the GoPump Structured Diabetes Education Program during "Insulin Pump Weeks”. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 31(1), pp.1-8. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2025.148400

MLA

Najmanowicz, Marta et al. "Cross-sectional evaluation of people with type 1 diabetes participating 
in the GoPump Structured Diabetes Education Program during "Insulin Pump Weeks”." Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, vol. 31, no. 1, 2025, pp. 1-8. doi:10.5114/pedm.2025.148400.

Vancouver

Najmanowicz M, Gajda W, Nowatkowska A, Kamiński M, Cieluch A, Sroczyńska A et al. Cross-sectional evaluation of people with type 1 diabetes participating 
in the GoPump Structured Diabetes Education Program during "Insulin Pump Weeks”. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2025;31(1):1-8. doi:10.5114/pedm.2025.148400.

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Introduction
Despite advances in therapy, most persons with type 1 diabetes (PwT1Ds) do not achieve treatment goals. Education is fundamental to the care of PwT1Ds treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

Aim of the study
To evaluate PwT1Ds treated with CSII and receiving in-hospital education and to identify factors associated with treatment effectiveness.

Material and methods
This cross-sectional study included adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who received diabetes education using the proprietary Structured Diabetes Education Program, GoPump, during “Insulin Pump Weeks” in 2022–2023. Metabolic control of diabetes was evaluated. Reports from personal insulin pumps, blood glucose meters, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems were assessed.

Results
Data from 107 individuals with a median age of 26.7 years (Q1–Q3: 19.0–30.8) were analysed, including 65 women (60.7%). The median duration of T1D was 13 years (Q1–Q3: 10.0–18.0), and the median duration of personal insulin pump use was 8 years (Q1–Q3: 5.0–12.0). The median body mass index was 23.9 kg/m². CGM was used by 52.3% of individuals. The median time in range (TIR) was 57.0% (Q1–Q3: 45.0–69.5%), and the median glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 7.9% (Q1–Q3: 6.8–8.5%). A positive correlation was found between age and TIR (rs = 0.42, p = 0.001). The use of temporary basal rate and dual-wave and square bolus features was positively correlated with TIR (rs = 0.34, p = 0.012 and rs = 0.31, p = 0.021, respectively) and inversely with time above range > 250 mg/dl (rs = –0.37, p = 0.007 and rs = –0.27, p = 0.045, respectively). Lower HbA1c levels were observed in individuals with a higher number of daily boluses (rs = –0.33, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
In the study cohort, older age, more frequent use of advanced insulin pump features, and a higher number of daily boluses were associated with better glycaemic control in adults with T1D.

keywords:

Cross-sectional evaluation of people with type 1 diabetes participating in the GoPump Structured Diabetes Education Program during "Insulin Pump Weeks”

diabetes education, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, continuous glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes mellitus