Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive 
strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. 
A randomized crossover trial

Raynier Montoro-Bombú; Hugo Sarmento; Armando Costa; Valter Pinheiro; Paulo Malico Sousa; Carlo Buzzichelli; Luis Rama

doi:10.5114/biolsport.2026.152351

eISSN: 2083-1862
ISSN: 0860-021X

Biology of Sport

Current Issue Manuscripts accepted About the journal Editorial board Abstracting and indexing Archive Ethical standards and procedures Contact Instructions for authors Journal's Reviewers Special Information

Editorial System

Submit your Manuscript

Editorial Policies

Sarajevo Declaration on Integrity and Visibility of Scholarly Publications

Open access

Send email

Copy url:

abstract:

Original paper

Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. A randomized crossover trial

Raynier Montoro-Bombú

^{1, 2, 3}

,

Hugo Sarmento

^{1, 2}

,

Armando Costa

³

,

Valter Pinheiro

^{3, 4}

,

Paulo Malico Sousa

^{3, 4}

,

Carlo Buzzichelli

⁵

,

Luis Rama

^{1, 2}

University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
CIPER, University of Lisbon, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
ISCE—Polytechnic University of Lisbon and Tagus Valey, Department of Sport Sciences, 2620-379 Lisbon, Portugal
Live Quatity Research Center (LQRC), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904, Santarém, Portugal
University of Sport Sciences (UCCFD). Manuel Fajardo, 10600, Havana, Cuba

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 127–138

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152351

Online publish date: 2025/08/06

View full text Get citation

EndNote

Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero

AMA

Montoro-Bombú R, Sarmento H, Costa A, et al. Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive 
strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. 
A randomized crossover trial. Biology of Sport. 2026;43(1):127-138. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2026.152351.

APA

Montoro-Bombú, R., Sarmento, H., Costa, A., Pinheiro, V., Malico Sousa, P.,  & Buzzichelli, C. et al. (2026). Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive 
strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. 
A randomized crossover trial. Biology of Sport, 43(1), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152351

Chicago

Montoro-Bombú, Raynier, Hugo Sarmento, Armando Costa, Valter Pinheiro, Paulo Malico Sousa, Carlo Buzzichelli,  and Luis Rama. 2026. "Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive 
strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. 
A randomized crossover trial". Biology of Sport 43 (1): 127-138. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2026.152351.

Harvard

Montoro-Bombú, R., Sarmento, H., Costa, A., Pinheiro, V., Malico Sousa, P., Buzzichelli, C.,  and Rama, L. (2026). Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive 
strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. 
A randomized crossover trial. Biology of Sport, 43(1), pp.127-138. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152351

MLA

Montoro-Bombú, Raynier et al. "Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive 
strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. 
A randomized crossover trial." Biology of Sport, vol. 43, no. 1, 2026, pp. 127-138. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2026.152351.

Vancouver

Montoro-Bombú R, Sarmento H, Costa A, Pinheiro V, Malico Sousa P, Buzzichelli C et al. Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive 
strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. 
A randomized crossover trial. Biology of Sport. 2026;43(1):127-138. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2026.152351.

PlumX metrics:

The Integral Reactive Strength Index (IRSI) has recently been described in the literature as a new indicator that normalizes the reactive strength index based on fall height. This study aimed to compare the effects of a plyometrictraining program based on IRSI versus a traditional jump training program on spatiotemporal variables associated with the performance of national-level jumpers and sprinters. A randomized, crossover trial with three parallel groups was conducted. Twenty-seven male track and field athletes were divided into three groups. The G-RT1 group consisting of 9 participants, began the experiment with IRSI based training as the load prescription criterion. The G-PT2 group consisting of 10 participants, started the experiment with traditional plyometric training, and the control group, G-CT3, consisting of 8 participants, continued its usual training. After 19 weeks, a two-way mixed analysis of variance for the G-RT1 group found a significant interaction and large effect sizes (ES) in the group-time relationship in the 60 m dash (p ≤ 0. 001; f = 101.2; η² = 0.089), and the standing triple jump (STJ) (p ≤ 0.001; f = 119.8; η² = 0.031). The G-PT2 also showed better results, but the ES was lower for the standing long jump (p ≤ 0.001; f = 52.7; η² = 0.045), and the STJ (p ≤ 0.001; f = 22.7; ηp² = 0.011). Meanwhile, the G-CT3 did not show significant improvement at the end of the program. It is concluded that the IRSI-based plyometric training program produces better results than the traditional program. The use of IRSI-based improves individualization, emphasizes high-intensity maintenance, and induces better results with less training volume.

keywords:

Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. A randomized crossover trial

Raynier Montoro-Bombú 1, 2, 3 , Hugo Sarmento 1, 2 , Armando Costa 3 , Valter Pinheiro 3, 4 , Paulo Malico Sousa 3, 4 , Carlo Buzzichelli 5 , Luis Rama 1, 2

Intensity, Volume, Reactive Capacity, Drop Jump, Jump training program

Raynier Montoro-Bombú

^{1, 2, 3}

,

Hugo Sarmento

^{1, 2}

,

Armando Costa

³

,

Valter Pinheiro

^{3, 4}

,

Paulo Malico Sousa

^{3, 4}

,

Carlo Buzzichelli

⁵

,

Luis Rama

^{1, 2}