1. Anand A, Charney DS, Oren DA, Berman RM, Hu XS, Cappiello A et al. Attenuation of the neuropsychiatric effects of ketamine with lamotrigine: support for hyperglutamatergic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2000; 57: 270–276.
2.
Berk M, Post R, Ratheesh A, Gliddon E, Singh A, Vieta E et al. Staging in bipolar disorder: from theoretical framework to clinical utility. World Psychiatry 2017; 16: 236–244.
3.
Berman RM, Cappiello A, Anand A, Oren DA, Heninger GR, Charney DS et al. Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biol. Psychiatry 2000; 47: 351–354.
4.
Chakrabarti S, Singh N. Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder and their impact on the illness: A systematic review. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12: 1204–1232.
5.
Correa R, Akiskal H, Gilmer W, Nierenberg AA, Trivedi M, Zisook S. Is unrecognized bipolar disorder a frequent contributor to apparent treatment resistant depression? J. Affect. Disord. 2010; 127: 10–18.
6.
Diazgranados N, Ibrahim L, Brutsche NE, Newberg A, Kronstein P, Khalife S et al. A randomized add-on trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2010; 67: 793–802.
7.
European Medicines Agency. Annex and Summary of Product Characteristics; https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/spravato-epar-product-information_en.pdf (dostęp 22.12.2025).
8.
Fancy F, Rodrigues NB, Di Vincenzo JD, Chau EH, Sethi R, Husain MI et al. Real-world effectiveness of repeated ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Bipolar Disorder 2023; 25: 99–109.
9.
Feeney A, Hoeppner BB, Freeman MP, Flynn M, Iosifescu DV, Trivedi MH et al. Effect of Concomitant Benzodiazepines on the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: Findings From the RAPID Intravenous Ketamine Study. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2022; 84.
10.
Gałecki P, Bliźniewska-Kowalska KM, Cubała WJ, Depukat A, Mosiołek A, Rybakowski J et al. Polski standard leczenia racemiczną ketaminą pacjentów z zaburzeniami depresyjnymi opracowany przez zespół roboczy powołany przez Konsultanta Krajowego w dziedzinie psychiatrii. Psychiatr. Pol. 2024; 58: 377–401.
11.
Goddard K, Sampson C, Bedy SM, Ghadban R, Stilley J. Effect of Ketamine on Cardiovascular Function During Procedural Sedation of Adults. Cureus 2021; 13: e14228.
12.
Grunze H, Born C. The Impact of Subsyndromal Bipolar Symptoms on Patient's Functionality and Quality of Life. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11: 510.
13.
Gutowska-Ibbs AM, Permoda-Pachuta A, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H. An analysis of the fulfilment criteria for a medical experiment with regards to the use of intravenous ketamine in the treatment of drug-resistant depression. Current Problems of Psychiatry 2023; 24: 76–86.
14.
Jawad MY, Qasim S, Ni M, Guo Z, Di Vincenzo JD, d'Andrea G et al. The Role of Ketamine in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression: A Scoping Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13.
15.
Jelen LA, Stone JM. Ketamine for depression. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 2021; 33: 207–228.
16.
Kachlik Z, Cubała WJ, Walaszek M, Pastuszak M, Pastuszak K, Kwaśny A. Nonresponse to Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports 2025; 45: e70038.
17.
Lally N, Nugent AC, Luckenbaugh DA, Ameli R, Roiser JP, Zarate CA. Anti-anhedonic effect of ketamine and its neural correlates in treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4: e469.
18.
Lima Constantino J, Godschalk M, van Dalfsen JH, Veraart JKE, Spijker J, van Exel E et al. Demographic and clinical predictors of response and remission in the treatment of major depressive disorder with ketamine and esketamine: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2025; 345: 116355.
19.
Liu TH, Wu JY, Huang PY, Cheng WL, Lai CC. Risk of manic switch and suicidal outcomes in bipolar depression treated with esketamine: A one-year retrospective cohort study of 2126 patients. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2025; 99: 3–12.
20.
Marcinowicz P, Więdłocha M, Dębowska W, Dębowska M, Szulc A. Racemiczna ketamina w leczeniu depresji lekoopornej. Medycyna Praktyczna. Psychiatria 2024; 1: 52–66.
21.
Martinotti G, Dell'Osso B, Di Lorenzo G, Maina G, Bertolino A, Clerici M et al. Treating bipolar depression with esketamine: Safety and effectiveness data from a naturalistic multicentric study on esketamine in bipolar versus unipolar treatment-resistant depression. Bipolar Disorder 2023; 25: 233–244.
22.
Murrough JW, Soleimani L, DeWilde KE, Collins KA, Lapidus KA, Iacoviello BM et al. Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol. Med. 2015; 45: 3571–3580.
23.
National Institute of Mental Health. About RDoC; https://www.nimh.nih.gov/research/research-funded-by-nimh/rdoc/about-rdoc (dostęp 23.12.2025).
24.
Oliva V, Fico G, De Prisco M, Gonda X, Rosa AR, Vieta E. Bipolar disorders: an update on critical aspects. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2025; 48.
25.
Pennybaker SJ, Luckenbaugh DA, Park LT, Marquardt CA, Zarate CA, Jr. Ketamine and Psychosis History: Antidepressant Efficacy and Psychotomimetic Effects Postinfusion. Biol. Psychiatry 2017; 82: e35–e36.
26.
Santucci MC, Ansari M, Nikayin S, Radhakrishnan R, Rhee TG, Wilkinson ST. Efficacy and Safety of Ketamine/Esketamine in Bipolar Depression in a Clinical Setting. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2024; 85.
27.
Sharma V, Khan M, Smith A. A closer look at treatment resistant depression: is it due to a bipolar diathesis? J. Affect. Disord. 2005.; 84: 251–257.
28.
Shen Z, Gao D, Lv X, Wang H, Yue W. A meta-analysis of the effects of ketamine on suicidal ideation in depression patients. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14: 248.
29.
Shiroma PR, Thuras P, Wels J, Albott CS, Erbes C, Tye S et al. A randomized, double-blind, active placebo-controlled study of efficacy, safety, and durability of repeated vs single subanesthetic ketamine for treatment-resistant depression. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10: 206.
30.
Singh B, Swartz HA, Cuellar-Barboza AB, Schaffer A, Kato T, Dols A et al. Bipolar disorder. Lancet 2025; 406: 963–978.
31.
Spiegel D, Loewenstein RJ, Lewis-Fernández R, Sar V, Simeon D, Vermetten E et al. Dissociative disorders in DSM-5. Depress. Anxiety 2011; 28: 824–852.
32.
Szarmach J, Cubała WJ, Włodarczyk A, Wiglusz MS. Short-term ketamine administration in treatment-resistant depression: focus on cardiovascular safety. Psychiatr Danub 2019; 31: 585–590.
33.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of Prescribing Information; https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/211243s016lbl.pdf (dostęp 23.12.2025).
34.
Veraart JKE, Smith-Apeldoorn SY, Spijker J, Kamphuis J, Schoevers RA. Ketamine Treatment for Depression in Patients With a History of Psychosis or Current Psychotic Symptoms: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2021; 82.
35.
Vieta E, McIntyre RS, Suppes T, Van Rheenen TE, Singh B, Miskowiak KW et al. Defining Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression: Recommendations From the ISBD Task Force. Bipolar Disorder 2025; 27: 411–423.
36.
Walaszek M, Cubała WJ, Kachlik Z, Pastuszak M, Pastuszak K, Kwaśny A. Non-response to short-term ketamine use for treatment-resistant depression. Pharmacol. Rep. 2025; 77: 1126–1133.
37.
Wang C, Lan X, Liu W, Zhan Y, Zheng W, Chen X et al. Non-improvement predicts subsequent non-response to repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for depression: a re-analysis of a 2-week open-label study in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14: 324.
38.
Wilkhoo HS, Islam AW, Reji F, Sanghvi L, Potdar R, Solanki S. Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: Etiological Mechanism, Diagnosis and Management. Discoveries (Craiova) 2024; 12: e190.
39.
Wilkowska A, Cubała WJ. The Downstaging Concept in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Spotlight on Ketamine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022; 23.
40.
Wilkowska A, Cubała WJ. Short-term ketamine use in bipolar depression: a review of the evidence for short-term treatment management. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14: 1322752.
