1. Aoun SG, El Ahmadieh T, Johnson ZD, Connors SW, Al Tamimi Aoun SG, El Ahmadieh T, Johnson ZD, Connors SW, Al Tamimi M.
2.
Reversible thoracic myelopathy after surgical decompression and removal of paddle neurostimulator lead and encasing fibrosis: technical video case report. Interdisciplinary. Neurosurgery 2018; 11: 29-30.
3.
Benfield J, Maknojia A, Epstein F. Progressive paraplegia from spinal cord stimulator lead fibrotic encapsulation: a case report. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2016; 95: e30-33.
4.
Cameron T. Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature review.
5.
J Neurosurg Spine 2004; 100: 254-267.
6.
Cicuendez M, Munarriz PM, Castaño-Leon AM, Paredes I. Dorsal myelopathy secondary to epidural fibrous scar tissue around a spinal cord stimulation electrode: case report. J Neurosurg 2012; 17: 598-601.
7.
Dam-Hieu P, Magro E, Seizeur R, Simon A, Quinio B. Cervical cord compression due to delayed scarring around epidural electrodes used in spinal cord stimulation: report of 2 cases. J Neurosurg Spine 2010; 12: 409-412.
8.
Deer TR, Mekhail N, Provenzano D, Pope J, Krames E, Leong M, Levy RM, Abejon D, Buchser E, Burton A, Buvanendran A, Candido, Caraway D, Cousins M, DeJongste M, Diwan S, Eldabe S, Gatzinsky K, Foreman RD, Hayek S, Kim P, Kinfe T, Kloth D, Kumar K, Rizvi S, Lad SP, Liem L, Linderoth B, Mackey S, McDowell G, McRoberts P, Poree L, Prager J, Raso L, Rauck R, Russo M, Simpson B, Slavin K, Staats P, Stanton-Hicks M, Verrills P, Wellington J, Williams K, North R; Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee. The appropriate use of neurostimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system for the treatment of chronic pain and ischemic diseases: the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee. Neuromodulation 2014; 17: 515-550.
9.
Dimar JR II, Endriga DT, Carreon LY. Osteolysis and cervical cord compression secondary to silicone granuloma formation around a dorsal spinal cord stimulator: a case report. J Neurol Surg Rep 2016; 77: e67-72.
10.
de Eulate-Beramendi SA, Santamarta-Liebana E, Leon RF, Saiz-Ayala A, Seijo-Fernandez FJ. Cervical cord compression secondary to epidural fibrous scar tissue around the spinal cord stimulation electrode. Neurology 2016; 64: 1363-1365.
11.
Fransen P. Reversible late thoracic myelopathy and neurostimulation tolerance caused by fibrous scar tissue formation around the spinal cord stimulation electrode. Neuromodulation 2015; 18: 759-761.
12.
Guzzi G, Volpentesta G, Chirchiglia D, Della Torre A, Lavano F, Lavano A. Cervical spinal cord compression from delayed epidural scar tissue formation around plate lead for SCS. J Neurosurg Sci 2019; 63: 337-343.
13.
Hoelzer BC, Bendel MA, Deer TR, Eldrige JS, Walega DR, Wang Z, Costandi S, Azer G, Qu W, Falowski SM, Neuman SA, Moeschler SM, Wassef C, Kim C, Niazi T, Saifullah T, Yee B, Kim C, Oryhan CL, Rosenow JM, Warren DT, Lerman I, Mora R, Hayek SM, Hanes M, Simopoulos T, Sharma S, Gilligan C, Grace W, Ade T, Mekhail NA, Hunter JP, Choi D, Choi DY. Spinal cord stimulator implant infection rates and risk factors: A multicenter retrospective study. Neuromodulation 2017; 20: 558-562.
14.
Kim JE, Yang JH, Lee MK, Suh SW, Kang SW. Cervical myelopathy secondary to metallic irritation of the dura mater following insertion of a spinal cord stimulator in a patient with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. Pain Med 2017; 19: 631-634.
15.
Krainick JU, Thoden U, Riechert T. Pain reduction in amputees by long-term spinal cord stimulation: long-term follow-up study over 5 years. J Neurosurg 1980; 52: 346-350.
16.
Kumar K, Wilson JR, Taylor RS, Gupta S. Complications of spinal cord stimulation, suggestions to improve outcome, and financial impact. J Neurosurg Spine 2006; 5: 191-203.
17.
Lennarson PJ, Guillen FT. Spinal cord compression from a foreign body reaction to spinal cord stimulation: a prev iouslyunreported complication. Spine 2010; 35: e1516-1519.
18.
Mekhail NA, Mathews M, Nageeb F, Guirguis M, Mekhail MN, Cheng J. Retrospective review of 707 cases of spinal cord stimulation: indications and complications. Pain Pract 2011; 11: 148-153.
19.
Pallotta ML, Lovi A, Luca A, Babbi L, Brayda-Bruno M. Spinal cord stimulator medullary compression-a very rare SCS complication and surgical treatment. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2022; 8: 84.
20.
Reynolds AF, Shetter AG. Scarring around cervical epidural stimulating electrode. Neurosurgery 1983; 13: 63-65.
21.
Sammartino F, MacDonell J, North RB, Vibhor K, Poree L. Disease applications of spinal cord stimulation: Chronic nonmalignant pain. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21: e00314.
22.
Scranton RA, Skaribas IM, Simpson RK Jr. Spinal stimulator peri-electrode masses: case report. J Neurosurg Spine 2015; 22: 70-74.
23.
Shamji MF, Rodriguez J, Shcharinsky A, Paul D. High rates of undiagnosed psychological distress exist in a referral population for spinal cord stimulation in the management of chronic pain. Neuromodulation 2016; 19: 414-421.
24.
Taccola G, Barber S, Horner PJ, Cerrel Bazo HA, Sayenko D. Complications of epidural spinal stimulation: lessons from the past and alternatives for the future. Spinal Cord 2020; 58: 1049-1059.
25.
Tamimi MA, Aoun SG, Gluf W. Spinal cord compression secondary to epidural fibrosis associated with percutaneouslyplaced spinal cord stimulation electrodes: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg 2017; 104: 1051.e1-1051.e5.
26.
Turner JA, Loeser JD, Deyo RA, Sanders SB. Spinal cord stimulation for patients with failed back surgery syndrome or complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review of effectiveness and complications. Pain 2004; 108: 137-147.
27.
Wada E, Kawai H. Late onset cervical myelopathy secondary to fibrous scar tissue formation around the spinal cord stimulation electrode. Spinal Cord 2010; 48: 646.
28.
Wloch A, Capelle HH, Saryyeva A, Krauss JK. Cervical myelopathy due to an epidural cervical mass after chronic cervical spinal cord stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2013; 91: 265-269.