About 10% of the global population suffers from vertigo or dizziness. Vertigo is the predominant symptom of vestibular dysfunction experienced as an illusion of self-motion or motion of the environment. The most common motion illusion is a spinning sensation. 80% of cases with vertigo result from peripheral lesions of the vestibular system. Only 20% concern the central part of the system. Nonspecific dizziness is difficult to describe, patients usually say that they are dizzy, giddy, lightheaded. In the article vertigo of the peripheral and central origin as well as other symptoms of vestibular dysfunction have been characterized. The main disorders with dominant lesions of vestibular system and principles of treatment were also roughed out.