Abdominal bloating is a subjective sensation of having intestines bloated with gas. It is a frequent phenomenon and one of the most vexing in the general population and in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The pathogenesis of this problem has not yet been explained. It is assumed that primary coexisting or independent mechanisms leading to abdominal bloating are: improper metabolism of gases, intestinal hypersensitivity and dysfunction of abdominal wall muscles. Dietary and lifestyle changes and possibly pharmacological treatment are recommended. However, the results of treatment are unsatisfactory. Therefore abdominal bloating is still a challenge requiring further studies.