Folia Neuropathologica
eISSN: 1509-572x
ISSN: 1641-4640
Folia Neuropathologica
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1/2025
vol. 63
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Dihydromyricetin mitigates epilepsy and cognitive impairment via NLRP3 inhibition in rats

Qing Li
1
,
Zhenzhen Qu
1
,
Zhuofeng Mao
1
,
Lijing Jia
1
,
Qi Qiao
1
,
Yange Zhang
1
,
Kaiping Zhou
1
,
Liqin Che
1
,
Weiping Wang
1

  1. Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
Folia Neuropathol 2025; 63 (1): 51-66
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2025.149520
Online publish date: 2025/04/11
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Introduction:
The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in numerous neurological disorders, including epilepsy, through its role in inflammation and pyroptosis. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) has neuroprotective effects in patients with neurological disorders. However, the impact of DHM on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in epilepsy and related cognitive impairment is yet to be fully understood. Herein, we evaluated whether DHM can alleviate pilocarpine-induced neuronal injury and learning and memory disorders in the hippocampal body of rats by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Material and methods:
An epileptic rat model was established, and spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) frequency and duration were recorded. The function of hippocampal pyramidal neurons was evaluated using Nissl staining. Western blotting, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect changes in NLRP3 inflammatory pathway-related factors in the hippocampus. Cognitive function was verified using the Morris water maze test, hippocampal late-phase long-term potentiation recording and associated synaptic protein expression assessment.

Results:
Treatment with DHM after status epilepticus (SE) induction decreases the frequency and length of SRS in rats receiving pilocarpine, suggesting that DHM has the potential to improve long-term potentiation and cognitive deficits after SE induction in rats. Additionally, after inducing SE in rats, DHM raises the expression of synaptic proteins. It may prevent harm to hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and DHM-induced neuroprotection may contribute to the pyroptosis associated with NLRP3 in epileptic rats. DHM guards against harm to hippocampus pyramidal neurons.

Conclusions:
We found that DHM plays a role in treating epilepsy and its comorbid cognitive impairment by inhibiting pyroptosis and inflammation.

keywords:

epilepsy, NLRP3 inflammasome, dihydromyricetin, cognition, hippocampus
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