Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology
eISSN: 2391-6052
ISSN: 2353-3854
Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology
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3/2025
vol. 12
 
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abstract:
Review paper

The role of IL-5 in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases: a narrative review

Aleksandra Kozioł
1
,
Adrian Uchto
2
,
Maria Jasiewicz
3
,
Magdalena Miernik-Skrzypczak
4
,
Patrycja Karnas-Bogacka
5
,
Marta Malicka
6
,
Katarzyna Moczyróg
7
,
Aleksandra Spyra
8
,
Aleksandra Sierpińska
9

  1. Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  2. Zagłębie Clinical Hospital, Czeladz, Poland
  3. Medical Center, Łancut, Poland
  4. Lower Silesian Center for Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology, Wroclaw, Poland
  5. County Hospital, Strzyzow, Poland
  6. University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
  7. The Sergeant Grzegorz Zaloga Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Katowice, Poland
  8. Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
  9. Specialized Hospital No. 2, Bytom, Poland
Alergologia Polska – Polish Journal of Allergology 2025; 12, 3: 203–211
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2025.153702
Online publish date: 2025/08/20
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Introduction:
Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is a crucial cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, angioedema and urticaria.

Aim:
This review aims to examine the role of IL-5 in the development and exacerbation of these atopic conditions, exploring its potential as a therapeutic target.

Methods:
The comprehensive review of scientific literature was conducted, focusing on studies involving IL-5 in allergic diseases. Sources included peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, and case reports.

Results:
In asthma, elevated IL-5 levels are associated with increased eosinophilia and bronchial hyperreactivity. Higher IL-5 levels in sputum and serum correlate with asthma’s clinical manifestations. In allergic rhinitis, IL-5 levels increase after allergen exposure, correlating with symptom exacerbation. IL-5 contributes to neural cell damage and persistence of chronic inflammation. Therapeutic interventions targeting IL-5, such as monoclonal antibodies, have shown promise in reducing eosinophil levels in atopic dermatitis, but have not resulted in significant clinical improvements. In angioedema, IL-5 may contribute to tissue swelling, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for IL-5 blockade in managing this condition. IL-5 promotes the activation, differentiation, and survival of eosinophils in allergic diseases.

Conclusions:
Targeting IL-5 has demonstrated efficacy in certain conditions, but further studies are required to better understand the complex interplay of interleukins in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases and to refine IL-5-based therapies.

keywords:

asthma, allergic rhinitis, interleukin 5, atopic dermatitis, angioedema, urticaria


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