Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism

Pełna treść

2/2026 vol. 32
Artykuł oryginalny

Wpływ suplementów sportowych na metabolizm, kontrolę glikemii i profil lipidowy u młodzieży i młodych dorosłych – przegląd narracyjny

Jakub Kamil Brodowski 1
,
Artur Bossowski 1
,
Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska 1

  1. Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University
    of Bialystok, Poland

Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2026; 32 (2): 129-140

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2026.162626
Data publikacji online: 2026/07/01
Plik artykułu
0441_The impact of sports (2).pdf
Confronting perimenopausal women’s knowledge of coronary heart disease with their health behaviours. Controversial role of hormone replacement therapy in the protection of coronary heart disease
  1. Saltiel AR. Insulin signaling in the control of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 233: 51–71. doi: 10.1007/164_2015_14.
  2. Dentin R, Girard J, Postic C. Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c): two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in liver. Biochimie 2005; 87: 81–86. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.11.008.
  3. Arslanian S, Bacha F, Grey M, et al. Evaluation and management of youth-onset type 2 diabetes: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2018; 41: 2648–2668. doi: 10.2337/dci18-0052.
  4. Van Eeghen S, Pyle L, Narongkiatikhun P, et al. Insulin sensitivity and associated plasma proteomics during sex hormone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2026; 111: e1070–e1079. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf573.
  5. Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. American College of Sports Medicine joint position statement. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48: 543–568. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000852.
  6. Riddell MC, Gallen IW, Smart CE, et al. Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5: 377–390. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30014-1.
  7. Muñoz-Pardeza J, López-Gil JF, Hormazábal-Aguayo I, et al. Compositional analysis of the association between 24 h movement behaviours, HbA1c and interstitial glucose in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a two-year longitudinal analysis of the Diactive-1 cohort study. Diabetologia 2025; 68: 2126–2138. doi: 10.1007/s00125-025-06496-2.
  8. Donato J, Wasinski F, Furigo IC, et al. Central regulation of metabolism by growth hormone. Cells 2021; 10: 129. doi: 10.3390/cells10010129.
  9. Jones JG. Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Diabetologia 2016; 59: 1098–1103. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-3940-5.
  10. Bravo-Ruiz I, Medina MÁ, Martínez-Poveda B. From food to genes: transcriptional regulation of metabolism by lipids and carbohydrates. Nutrients 2021; 13: 1513. doi: 10.3390/nu13051513.
  11. Morigny P, Boucher J, Arner P, Langin D. Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17: 276–295. doi: 10.1038/s41574-021-00471-8.
  12. Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL, et al. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2023; 46: e151–e199. doi: 10.2337/dci23-0036.
  13. Wilson PWF, Jacobson TA, Martin SS, et al. Lipid measurements in the management of cardiovascular diseases: practical recommendations a scientific statement from the national lipid association writing group. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15: 629–648. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.09.046.
  14. Li X, Chen H. Characteristics of glucolipid metabolism and complications in novel cluster-based diabetes subgroups: a retrospective study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22: 200. doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01953-6.
  15. Yang C, Liu Z, Zhang L, Gao J. The association between blood glucose levels and lipids in the general adult population: results from NHANES (2005-2016). J Health Popul Nutr 2024; 43: 163. doi: 10.1186/s41043-024-00660-x.
  16. Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Miller PE, et al. Why US adults use dietary supplements. JAMA Intern Med 2013; 173: 355–361. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.2299.
  17. Wiens K, Erdman KA, Stadnyk M, Parnell JA. Dietary supplement usage, motivation, and education in young, Canadian athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014; 24: 613–622. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0087.
  18. Jagim AR, Kerksick CM. Creatine supplementation in children and adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13: 664. doi: 10.3390/nu13020664.
  19. Pinto CL, Botelho PB, Pimentel GD, et al. Creatine supplementation and glycemic control: a systematic review. Amino Acids 2016; 48: 2103–2129. doi: 10.1007/s00726-016-2277-1.
  20. Korovljev D, Stajer V, Ostojic SM. Relationship between dietary creatine and growth indicators in children and adolescents aged 2–19 years: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients 2021; 13: 1027. doi: 10.3390/nu13031027.
  21. LaBotz M, Griesemer BA; Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Use of performance-enhancing substances. Pediatrics 2016; 138: e20161300. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-1300.
  22. Li Y, Xie Y, Qiu C, et al. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glucolipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2023; 14: 2502–2517. doi: 10.1039/d2fo02930h.
  23. Op den Kamp-Bruls YMH, Op den Kamp YJM, Veeraiah P, et al. Carnitine supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine formation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2025; 27: 2864–2877. doi: 10.1111/dom.16298.
  24. Rodríguez-Carrillo AA, Espinoza-Vargas MR, Vargas-Ortiz K, et al. Impact of L-citrulline supplementation and HIIT on lipid profile, arterial stiffness, and fat mass in obese adolescents with metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial. Nutrients 2025; 17: 402. doi: 10.3390/nu17030402.
  25. Bagheripour F, Jeddi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Metabolic effects of L-citrulline in type 2 diabetes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237: e13937. doi: 10.1111/apha.13937.
  26. Nie Z, Liu Y, Zhang M, et al. Effects of oral taurine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2025; nuaf220. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf220.
  27. Jong CJ, Sandal P, Schaffer SW. The role of taurine in mitochondria health: more than just an antioxidant. Molecules 2021; 26: 4913. doi: 10.3390/molecules26164913.
  28. Obinata K, Maruyama T, Hayashi M, et al. Effect of taurine on the fatty liver of children with simple obesity. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 403: 607–613. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0182-8_67.
  29. Shi T, Zhang SY. Long-term supplementation of taurine induces hepatic steatosis and disrupts bile acid homeostasis in male mice. Toxicol Lett 2025; 414: 111778. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2025.111778.
  30. Verner A, Craig S, McGuire W. Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; 2007: CD006072. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006072.pub2.
  31. Barcelos RP, Lima FD, Carvalho NR, et al. Caffeine effects on systemic metabolism, oxidative-inflammatory pathways, and exercise performance. Nutr Res 2020; 80: 1–17. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.005.
  32. Shearer J, Reimer RA, Hittel DS, et al. Caffeine-containing energy shots cause acute impaired glucoregulation in adolescents. Nutrients 2020; 12: 3850. doi: 10.3390/nu12123850.
  33. Sturm H, Basalely A, Singer P, et al. Caffeine intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents in the United States. Pediatr Res 2025; 97: 1650–1658. doi: 10.1038/s41390-024-03511-x.
  34. Van Dam RM, Hu FB, Willett WC. Coffee, caffeine, and health. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 369–378. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1816604.
  35. Martinho DV, Nobari H, Faria A, et al. Oral branched-chain amino acids supplementation in athletes: a systematic review. Nutrients 2022; 14: 4002. doi: 10.3390/nu14194002.
  36. Campos JO, Oliveira TLPSA, Vitalis O, et al. Association between childhood overweight and altered concentrations of circulating amino acids. Nutrients 2024; 16: 1843. doi: 10.3390/nu16121843.
  37. Tricò D, Prinsen H, Giannini C, et al. Elevated -hydroxybutyrate and branched-chain amino acids levels predict deterioration of glycemic control in adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102: 2473–2481. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-00475.
  38. Polidori N, Grasso EA, Chiarelli F, Giannini C. Amino acid-related metabolic signature in obese children and adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14: 1454. doi: 10.3390/nu14071454.
  39. Hernandez N, Lokhnygina Y, Ramaker ME, et al. Sex differences in branched-chain amino acid and tryptophan metabolism and pathogenesis of youth-onset type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109: e1345–e1358. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad708.
  40. White PJ, McGarrah RW, Herman MA, et al. Insulin action, type 2 diabetes, and branched-chain amino acids: a two-way street. Mol Metab 2021; 52: 101261. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101261.
  41. Nouri M, Pourghassem Gargari B, Tajfar P, Tarighat-Esfanjani A. A systematic review of whey protein supplementation effects on human glycemic control: a mechanistic insight. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16: 102540. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102540.
  42. Maughan RJ. Quality assurance issues in the use of dietary supplements, with special reference to protein supplements. J Nutr 2013; 143: 1843S–1847S. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.176651.
  43. Hu S, Han M, Rezaei A, et al. L-arginine modulates glucose and lipid metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2016; 17: 702–711. doi: 10.2174/1389203717666160627074017.
  44. Monti LD, Setola E, Lucotti PC, et al. Effect of long-term oral L-arginine supplementation on glucose metabolism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14: 893–900. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01615.x.
  45. Boon MR, Hanssen MJW, Brans B, et al. Effect of L-arginine on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in South Asian and Europid prediabetic men: a randomised double-blinded crossover study. Diabetologia 2019; 62: 112-122. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4752-6.
  46. Apolzan JW, Stein JA, Rood JC, et al. Effects of acute arginine supplementation on neuroendocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and mood outcomes in younger men: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition 2022; 101: 111658. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111658.
  47. Hadi A, Arab A, Moradi S, et al. Effect of L-arginine on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2019; 122: 1021–1032. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519001855.
  48. Dolan E, Swinton PA, Painelli VS, et al. Systematic risk assessment of oral -alanine supplementation. Adv Nutr 2019; 10: 452–463. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy115.
  49. Ashtary-Larky D, Bagheri R, Ghanavati M, et al. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on body composition: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19: 196–218. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2079384.
  50. Turcu I, Oancea B, Chicomban M, et al. Effect of 8-week -alanine supplementation on CRP, IL-6, body composition, and bio-motor abilities in elite male basketball players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19: 13700. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013700.
  51. Matthews JJ, Creighton JV, Donaldson J, et al. -alanine supplementation in adults with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled feasibility trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2025; 33: 278–288. doi: 10.1002/oby.24204.
  52. Kanaley JA, Colberg SR, Corcoran MH, et al. Exercise/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54: 353–368. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002800.
  53. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, et al. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2016; 39: 2065–2079. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1728.
  54. Herbst A, Kapellen T, Schober E, et al. Impact of regular physical activity on blood glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus – a multicenter study of 578 patients from 225 centres. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16: 204–210. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12144.
  55. García-Hermoso A, López-Gil JF, Izquierdo M, et al. Exercise and insulin resistance markers in children and adolescents with excess weight: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177: 1276–1284. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4038.
  56. Metcalf BS, Hosking J, Henley WE, et al. Physical activity attenuates insulin resistance but by late adolescence the effect is lost: a longitudinal study with annual measures from 9–16 years (EarlyBird 66). Diabetologia 2015; 58: 2699–2708. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3714-5.
  57. Gregory GA, Robinson TIG, Linklater SE, et al. Global incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10: 741–760. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00218-2.
  58. Lejk A, Myśliwiec M, Myśliwiec A. Can athletes with type 1 diabetes use supplementation? Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 26: 97–103. doi: 10.5114/pedm.2020.95626.
  59. Dao GM, Kowalski GM, Bruce CR, et al. The glycemic impact of protein ingestion in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2025; 48: 509–518. doi: 10.2337/dci24-0096.
  60. Solis MY, Artioli GG, Gualano B. Potential of creatine in glucose management and diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13: 570. doi: 10.3390/nu13020570.
  61. Holeček M. Side effects of amino acid supplements. Physiol Res 2022; 71: 29–45. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934790.
  62. Luckose F, Pandey MC, Radhakrishna K. Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55: 1793–1807. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2012.708368.
  63. Carl RL, Johnson MD, Martin TJ; Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Promotion of healthy weight-control practices in young athletes. Pediatrics 2017; 140: e20171871. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-1871.
ZGŁASZANIE PRAC
Udostępnij
without publication fees
Zintergrowane z
integrated with publons
Zasady redakcyjne
Sarajevo Declaration on Integrity and Visibility of Scholarly Publications