Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: a review of  diagnostic criteria based on a case series

Piotr R. Chądzyński; Katarzyna Stopińska; Izabela Domitrz

doi:10.5114/ppn.2023.135176

eISSN: 2720-5371
ISSN: 1230-2813

Advances in Psychiatry and Neurology/Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii

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Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: a review of diagnostic criteria based on a case series

Piotr R. Chądzyński

¹

,

Katarzyna Stopińska

¹

,

Izabela Domitrz

¹

Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Bielański Hospital, Poland

Adv Psychiatry Neurol 2024; 33 (1):

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2023.135176

Data publikacji online: 2024/02/12

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Purpose
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare cause of painful ophtalmoplegia with different clinical manifestations. It is described as a unilateral periorbital headache with concomitant dysfunction of at least one out of the IIIrd, IVth and VIth cranial nerves due to the granulomatous inflammation of periorbital structures, but no underlying cause has been established.

Case description
We present six patients referred to the Neurology Department due to a unilateral headache with ipsilateral paresis of at least one cranial nerve responsible for eye movements. The THS diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Disorders Classification (ICHD-3) were applied and analysed. Few patients had atypical clinical manifestations according to these criteria.

Comment
Diagnosing THS may prove very challenging. There is a lack of specific markers for the disorder, whereas diagnostic criteria leave a wide area for misdiagnosis. The diagnostic approach should be focused on the exclusion of other pathologies because typical steroid therapy may prove fatal in otherwise benign cases.

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: a review of diagnostic criteria based on a case series

Piotr R. Chądzyński 1 , Katarzyna Stopińska 1 , Izabela Domitrz 1

Piotr R. Chądzyński

¹

,

Katarzyna Stopińska

¹

,

Izabela Domitrz

¹